Trial reportJournal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)2024
Ketamine for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder: Double-blind active-controlled crossover study.
Trial report in Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Perioperative Ketamine and Esketamine on Postoperative Fatigue: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- Ketamine Dose and Duration Effects in Internalizing Disorders.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Trial
- Six weeks open-label oral ketamine for patients with treatment-resistant depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, or obsessive-compulsive disorder.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2025Trial
- Ketamine for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: Double-blind active-controlled crossover study.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2025Trial
- Review
- Pleiotropic modulation of the gut-brain-lung axis by ketamine and its enantiomers.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Ketamine effects on EEG and their links to therapy differ across treatment-resistant major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Intramuscular Ketamine Pharmacokinetics in Humans: A Review.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2026Review
- The Role of Exosomes in the Regulation of Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Treatment Resistance-Linking Cellular Crosstalk to Clinical Implications in Depression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Hope for Neurotic Disorders: A Summary of New Zealand Research on the Development of Biomarkers and Novel Treatments.Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand · 2026Article
- Real-World Effectiveness and Cost-Differential of Intranasal Esketamine Versus Intramuscular Ketamine.Psychiatric research and clinical practice · 2026Article
- Innovative Approaches to Depression Therapy: The Antidepressant Efficacy and Mechanisms of General Anesthetics.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- Ketamine for treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress disorder: double-blind active-controlled randomised crossover study.BJPsych open · 2025Article
- Ketamine-Occasioned Mystical Experience in Veterans with Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Retrospective Exploratory Analysis.Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Reconnecting through dissociation: a 5-month follow-up case study on ketamine-assisted psychotherapy for anorexia nervosa.Journal of eating disorders · 2025Article
- From Stress to Synapse: The Neuronal Atrophy Pathway to Mood Dysregulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Exercise-induced Activation of SIRT1/BDNF/mTORC1 Signaling Pathway: A Novel Mechanism to Reduce Neuroinflammation and Improve Post-stroke Depression.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2025Article
- Beyond NMDA Receptors: A Narrative Review of Ketamine's Rapid and Multifaceted Mechanisms in Depression Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist ketamine has rapid onset antidepressant activity in treatment-resistant depression (TRD).
aimsTo evaluate mood rating, safety and tolerability data from patients with TRD treated with ketamine and the psychoactive control fentanyl, as part of a larger study to explore EEG biomarkers associated with mood response.
methodsWe evaluated the efficacy and safety of intramuscular racemic ketamine in 25 patients with TRD, using a double-blind active-controlled randomized crossover design. Ketamine doses were 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, and the psychoactive control was fentanyl 50 mcg, given at weekly intervals. RESULTS/OUTCOMES: Within 1 h of ketamine dosing, patients reported reduced depression and anxiety ratings, which persisted for up to 7 days. A dose-response profile for ketamine was noted for dissociative side effects, adverse events and changes in blood pressure; however, changes in mood ratings were broadly similar for both ketamine doses. Overall, 14/25 patients (56%) were responders (⩾50% reduction at 24 h compared with baseline) for either ketamine dose for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and 18/25 (72%) were responders for the HADS-anxiety scale. After fentanyl, only 1/25 (HADS-depression) and 3/25 (HADS-anxiety) were responders. Ketamine was generally safe and well tolerated in this population.
conclusionsOur findings add to the literature confirming ketamine's activity against depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with TRD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.