ArticleBMC medicine2024
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer: the increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events and progression of coronary artery calcium.
Article in BMC medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cardiotoxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Review
- Endothelial cells modulate immune cell responses during atherosclerosis.Trends in immunology · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Cardiovascular Toxicity: Mechanisms, Clinical Manifestations, and Clinical Impact.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy and Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Review of Mechanisms and Management.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Review
- Bibliometric analysis of research trends and collaboration patterns in cardio-oncology focusing on lung cancer and heart failure.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Molecular basis of coronary artery disease-malignancy comorbidity: inflammation, immunometabolism, thrombosis, and cardio-oncology translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Restoration as a Therapeutic Strategy to Halt Diabetes-Driven Atherosclerosis.Biology · 2025Review
- A New Era, New Risks: The Cardio-Oncology Perspective on Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- Progenitor exhausted PD-1Nature cardiovascular research · 2025Article
- Long-Term Cardiovascular Toxicity of Immunotherapy: Too Important to Ignore.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A Tale of Two Periods: The Evolution of Determinants and CVD Mortality Risk in Metastatic NSCLC.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Advancements in research to mitigate residual risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Cancer-Related Immune Therapies: Bidirectional Implications From Cardiotoxicity to Emerging Cardiovascular Therapeutics: JACC CardioOncology State-of-the-Art Review.JACC. CardioOncology · 2025Review
- Immune Checkpoint Molecules: A Review on Pathways and Immunotherapy Implications.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- Microbiota-indole-3-propionic acid-heart axis mediates the protection of leflunomide against αPD1-induced cardiotoxicity in mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The impact of immune checkpoint inhibition on atherosclerosis in cancer patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Atherosclerosis and the Bidirectional Relationship between Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: From Bench to Bedside-Part 1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have contributed to a significant advancement in the treatment of cancer, leading to improved clinical outcomes in many individuals with advanced disease. Both preclinical and clinical investigations have shown that ICIs are associated with atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular events; however, the exact mechanism underlying this relationship has not been clarified.
methodsPatients diagnosed with stages III or IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at the Wuhan Union Hospital from March 1, 2020, to April 30, 2022, were included in this retrospective study. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) volume and score were assessed in a subset of patients during non-ECG-gated chest CT scans at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed in a 1:1 ratio to balance the baseline characteristics between the two groups.
resultsOverall, 1458 patients (487 with ICI therapy and 971 without ICI therapy) were enrolled in this cardiovascular cohort study. After PSM, 446 patients were included in each group. During the entire period of follow-up (median follow-up 23.1 months), 24 atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events (4.9%) occurred in the ICI group, and 14 ASCVD events (1.4%) in the non-ICI group, before PSM; 24 ASCVD events (5.4%) occurred in the ICI group and 5 ASCVD events (1.1%) in the non-ICI group after PSM. The CAC imaging study group comprised 113 patients with ICI therapy and 133 patients without ICI therapy. After PSM, each group consisted of 75 patients. In the ICI group, the CAC volume/score increased from 93.4 mm
conclusionsTreatment with ICIs was associated with a higher rate of ASCVD events and a noticeable increase in CAC progression.
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