ArticleInjury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention2024
Estimating the ratio of fatal to non-fatal overdoses involving all drugs, all opioids, synthetic opioids, heroin or stimulants, USA, 2010-2020.
Article in Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nonfatal Drug Overdose in a National Sample of Adolescents by Intent and Substance, Medicaid 2016-2020.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Article
- The association between state cannabis legalization and non-fatal opioid poisonings among adults with employer-sponsored insurance in the United States.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Opioid-Induced Nodding-Not a Nice Nap.Acta scientific neurology · 2026Article
- Non-fatal drug overdose surveillance using hospital discharge data: a comparison between the Drug Overdose Surveillance and Epidemiology (DOSE) system and the Healthcare Cost and Utilisation Project, 18 states, 2018-2020.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2026Article
- Pharmacologic and toxicologic confounders in brain death determination: a multidisciplinary guide.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Review
- Drug-Induced Deaths and Non-Fatal Poisonings in Youth-Associations With Household Adversities and Out-Of-Home Care.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
- Perspectives on prescribed safer supply programs among people who inject drugs in Baltimore, Maryland: A mixed methods study among individuals highly affected by drug toxicity.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- A Novel and Validated GC-MS/MS Method for the Detection of Four Opioids and Seven Fentanoids in Oral Fluid for Forensic Applications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Why have overdose deaths decreased? Widespread fentanyl saturation and decreased drug use among key drivers.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Review
- Non-fatal Overdose and Associated Factors Among People Who Use Opioids: Findings From a Cross-sectional Study.Journal of community health · 2025Article
- Trends of all opioid-, heroin-, and fentanyl-involved nonfatal overdoses in the United States, October 2020 - April 2025.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Brain network segregation is associated with drug use severity in individuals with opioid use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Modeling the impact of changing drug markets and structural determinants on HCV and/or HIV transmission among people who inject drugs in the United States: A rural and urban comparison.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Investigating the causal role of serum metabolites in substance use disorder risk: a study integrating Mendelian randomization and synthesis analysis.Discover mental health · 2025Article
- Variability in trends of opioid-related hospital utilization among U.S. Adults, 2016-2021 check.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Analysis of Drugs in Whole Blood by Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry with Integrated Solid-Phase Extraction.Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Decline in US Drug Overdose Deaths by Region, Substance, and Demographics.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- "Before medically advised" hospital discharge and the risk of subsequent drug overdose: A case-crossover analysis.Journal of hospital medicine · 2025Article
- Association of Daily Doses of Buprenorphine With Urgent Health Care Utilization.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Investigation of [Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionUS drug overdose deaths are at historic levels. For every fatal drug overdose, there are many more non-fatal; however, minimal nationally representative data exist on trends in the ratio of fatal to non-fatal drug overdoses and how this differs by drug type.
methodsData from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Vital Statistics System were used to assess the number of fatal overdoses; data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Emergency Department Sample database were used to estimate the number of non-fatal overdoses treated in emergency departments. Counts of fatal and non-fatal overdoses by drug type (all drug, all opioid, synthetic opioid, heroin, stimulant, and opioid and stimulant polysubstance) were calculated from 2010 to 2020 (for non-fatal synthetic opioid-involved overdoses, from 2016 to 2020 only). Trends in overdose counts and the ratio of fatal to non-fatal overdoses were assessed.
resultsOn average, counts of fatal overdoses increased quarterly among all drug types, and non-fatal overdoses increased among most drug types. Over the 11-year period, the greatest average quarterly percent change (AQPC) in fatal overdose counts was among synthetic opioid-involved overdoses (AQPC: 7.1%; 95% CI: 6.0 to 8.2) and for non-fatal overdoses was among heroin-involved overdoses (AQPC: 4.3%; 95% CI: 3.9 to 4.8). During 2010‒2020, there was approximately 1 fatal overdose per 15 non-fatal. The ratio of fatal to non-fatal drug overdoses increased among every drug type except heroin; ratio increases were driven by greater relative increases in fatal overdoses compared with non-fatal.
conclusionsAssessment of the ratio of fatal to non-fatal drug overdoses can be used to understand the lethality of different drugs and inform response and prevention efforts.
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