Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38290094›Full record

Observational studyNeurology2024

Outcome of Epilepsy Surgery in MRI-Negative Patients Without Histopathologic Abnormalities in the Resected Tissue.

Maurits W Sanders, Iskander Van der Wolf, Floor E Jansen, Eleonora Aronica, Christoph Helmstaedter, Attila Racz, Rainer Surges, Alexander Grote, Albert J Becker, Sylvain Rheims and 65 more

Open access · hybridAbstract readMulticenter StudyObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
13.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Quantitative dual-tracerEuropean journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026
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  12. Seminars in epileptology: Presurgical epilepsy evaluation.Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape · 2025
    Review
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  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Resective epilepsy surgery in pediatric patients with normal MRI: outcomes, challenges, and cost-effectiveness in low-resource settings.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2025
    Article
  17. Quantitative Cortex-Based Mapping With HybridCNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025
    Article
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  19. Engineering Stimuli-Responsive Materials for Precision Medicine.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

75 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Maurits W SandersFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0592-1098
Iskander Van der WolfFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0009-0009-5625-3385
Floor E JansenFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0745-5668
Eleonora AronicaFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-3542-3770
Christoph HelmstaedterFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-6608-6244
Attila RaczFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5952-8294
Rainer SurgesFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-3177-8582
Alexander GroteFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-6545-0622
Albert J BeckerFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2661-3705
Sylvain RheimsFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4663-8515
Hélène CatenoixFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5574-8521
John S DuncanFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1373-0681
Jane De TisiFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7666-2268
Thomas S JacquesFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7833-2158
J Helen CrossFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7345-4829
Reetta KalviainenFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2935-5131
Tuomas RauramaaFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2250-327X
Francine ChassouxFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1970-6578
Bertrand C DevauxFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0628-3078
Giancarlo Di GennaroFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3446-0788
Vincenzo EspositoFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7316-5461
Istvan BodiFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2533-4758
Mrinalini HonavarFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-6585-8775
Christian G BienFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2225-8654
Thomas CloppenborgFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-6688-6575
Roland CorasFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8617-0913
Hajo M HamerFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1709-8617
Petr MarusicFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1240-653X
Adam KalinaFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7316-364X
Tom PieperFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.
Manfred KudernatschFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0876-0146
Till S HartliebFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0854-5537
Tim J Von OertzenFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2164-7842
Martin AichholzerFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1625-8658
Georg DorfmullerFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.
Mathilde ChipauxFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8454-7374
Soheyl NoachtarFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5623-7985
Elisabeth KaufmannFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7582-2215
Andreas Schulze-BonhageFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2382-0506
Christian F ScheiweFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1695-8689
Cigdem ÖzkaraFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0548-1838
Thomas GrunwaldFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.
Kristina KoenigFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0009-0009-3860-3791
Renzo GuerriniFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7272-7079
Carmen BarbaFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-5445-5842
Anna Maria BuccolieroFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.
Flavio GiordanoFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9006-9225
Felix RosenowFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.
Katja MenzlerFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8289-480X
Rita GarbelliFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-6475-4974
Francesco DeleoFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0808-3042
Pavel KrsekFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5740-3690
Barbora StrakaFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8448-2833
Alexis A ArzimanoglouFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7233-2771
Joseph ToulouseFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5801-5294
Wim Van PaesschenFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8535-1699
Tom TheysFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7595-3234
José PimentelFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.
Isabel M Loução De AmorimFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-3690-9772
Nicola SpecchioFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8120-0287
Luca De PalmaFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0714-8230
Martha FeuchtFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7691-8158
Theresa SchollFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9835-7328
Karl RoesslerFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9249-8082
Rafael Toledano DelgadoFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9387-1088
Antonio Gil-NagelFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4515-0793
Savo RaicevicFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4261-5535
Aleksandar J RisticFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7564-1641
Olaf SchijnsFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8295-0728
Jan BeckervordersandforthFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0009-0002-8894-6230
Victoria San Antonio-ArceFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.
Jordi RumiaFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.
Ingmar BlumckeFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8676-0788
Kees P BraunFrom the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3631-0003
as the European Epilepsy Brain Bank Consortium (EEBB)From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany.
Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivePatients with presumed nonlesional focal epilepsy-based on either MRI or histopathologic findings-have a lower success rate of epilepsy surgery compared with lesional patients. In this study, we aimed to characterize a large group of patients with focal epilepsy who underwent epilepsy surgery despite a normal MRI and had no lesion on histopathology. Determinants of their postoperative seizure outcomes were further studied.

methodsWe designed an observational multicenter cohort study of MRI-negative and histopathology-negative patients who were derived from the European Epilepsy Brain Bank and underwent epilepsy surgery between 2000 and 2012 in 34 epilepsy surgery centers within Europe. We collected data on clinical characteristics, presurgical assessment, including genetic testing, surgery characteristics, postoperative outcome, and treatment regimen.

resultsOf the 217 included patients, 40% were seizure-free (Engel I) 2 years after surgery and one-third of patients remained seizure-free after 5 years. Temporal lobe surgery (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.62; 95% CI 1.19-5.76), shorter epilepsy duration (AOR for duration: 0.94; 95% CI 0.89-0.99), and completely normal histopathologic findings-versus nonspecific reactive gliosis-(AOR: 4.69; 95% CI 1.79-11.27) were significantly associated with favorable seizure outcome at 2 years after surgery. Of patients who underwent invasive monitoring, only 35% reached seizure freedom at 2 years. Patients with parietal lobe resections had lowest seizure freedom rates (12.5%). Among temporal lobe surgery patients, there was a trend toward favorable outcome if hippocampectomy was part of the resection strategy (OR: 2.94; 95% CI 0.98-8.80). Genetic testing was only sporadically performed. DISCUSSION: This study shows that seizure freedom can be reached in 40% of nonlesional patients with both normal MRI and histopathology findings. In particular, nonlesional temporal lobe epilepsy should be regarded as a relatively favorable group, with almost half of patients achieving seizure freedom at 2 years after surgery-even more if the hippocampus is resected-compared with only 1 in 5 nonlesional patients who underwent extratemporal surgery. Patients with an electroclinically identified focus, who are nonlesional, will be a promising group for advanced molecular-genetic analysis of brain tissue specimens to identify new brain somatic epilepsy genes or epilepsy-associated molecular pathways.

Indexed as

Epilepsies, PartialEpilepsyEpilepsy, Temporal LobeCohort StudiesElectroencephalographyHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingRetrospective StudiesSeizuresTreatment Outcome

Identifiers

PMID38290094
PMCPMC10962914
OpenAlexW4391374239

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