Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38288697›Full record

SynthesisSubstance use & addiction journal2024

A Systematic Review of State Office-Based Buprenorphine Treatment Laws Effective During 2022: Counseling, Dosage, and Visit Frequency Requirements.

Barbara Andraka-Christou, Olivia K Golan, Michelle Williams, Scott Buksbaum, Adam J Gordon, Bradley D Stein

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Substance use & addiction journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Buprenorphine prescribing practices for older adults in 2019 and 2020.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2025
    Observational
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Barbara Andraka-ChristouSchool of Global Health Management and Informatics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6307-6369
Olivia K GolanNORC, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Michelle WilliamsLegal Studies Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
Scott BuksbaumLegal Studies Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
Adam J GordonInformatics, Decision-Enhancement, and Analytic Sciences (IDEAS) Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Bradley D SteinRAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Funding

Optimal Methods for Estimating Policy Effect Heterogeneity in Opioid Policy ResearchP50DA046351 · NIDA · RAND CORPORATION · PI Rosanna Smart · 2018 to 2026
$20.8M
Greater Intermountain Node (CTN-0151)UG1DA049444 · NIDA · UTAH STATE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM--UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI Gerald T. Cochran, Gerald T. Cochran · 2019 to 2026
$16.8M
Quality of Medication Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder in Medicaid-enrollees: The Effects of State Policies and IntiativesR01DA045800 · NIDA · RAND CORPORATION · PI STEIN, BRADLEY D · 2018 to 2022
$2.9M
NIDA NIH HHS P50 DA046351NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA045800NIDA NIH HHS UG1 DA049444
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBuprenorphine is among the most effective treatments for opioid use disorder. Even though the federal government recently eliminated the waiver requirement and patient limits applicable to office-based buprenorphine treatment (OBBT), among other settings, some states may still have policies imposing requirements on OBBT providers not required by federal law.

methodsWe collected statutes and regulations from 50 US states and the District of Columbia (ie, 51 jurisdictions) between August 11 and November 30, 2022 using the Nexis Uni legal database and search terms related to OBBT counseling, dosage, and/or frequency of visits. We then used template analysis, a mixed deductive-inductive qualitative method, to analyze legal content.

resultsTen jurisdictions (20%) in 2022 had an OBBT counseling, dosage, and/or visit frequency requirement. Four jurisdictions had at least one law in each OBBT policy category examined. One-fifth of jurisdictions have OBBT policies not required under federal law. Five of these jurisdictions are among those with the highest overdose death rates per capita, according to publicly available data from 2021. Some OBBT requirements could potentially limit clinician interest in offering buprenorphine treatment or result in inadequate care (eg, if dosage limitations are too low.).

conclusionsEven though a federal waiver is no longer required for OBBT, our results suggests that at least some jurisdictions have other OBBT requirements, such as counseling, dosage, and/or frequency requirements. Given the severity of the ongoing opioid overdose crisis, policymakers should carefully consider the extent to which OBBT requirements are evidence based.

Indexed as

BuprenorphineGovernment RegulationOffice VisitsOpiate Substitution TreatmentOpioid-Related DisordersState GovernmentCounselingDatabases, FactualEvidence-Based MedicineFederal GovernmentHumansOpiate OverdoseQualitative ResearchQuality of Health CareTime FactorsUnited StatesBuprenorphinebuprenorphinecounselingdoselawopioid use disorderpolicystatevisit

Identifiers

PMID38288697
PMCPMC13277611

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.