ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2024
Breast milk concentrations of acetaminophen and diclofenac - unexpectedly high mammary transfer of the general-purpose drug acetaminophen.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Management of Post-Dural Puncture Headache in Postpartum Women: A Clinical and Therapeutic Update.Cureus · 2026Review
- Factors associated with Peruvian students' knowledge of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug management in pediatric dentistry: a cross-sectional study.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Safer breastfeeding with a wearable sensor for monitoring maternal acetaminophen transfer through breast milk.Device · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreastfeeding is considered to be the most effective way of ensuring the health and survival of newborns. However, mammary transfer of drugs administered to mothers to breastfeeding infants remains a pressing concern. Acetaminophen and diclofenac sodium are widely prescribed analgesics for postpartum pain relief, but there have been few recent reports on the mammary transfer of these drugs, despite advances in analytic techniques.
methodsWe conducted a study on 20 postpartum mothers from August 2019-March 2020. Blood and milk samples from participants were analyzed using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry within 24 hours after oral administration of acetaminophen and diclofenac sodium. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) was calculated from the concentration curve obtained by a naive pooled-data approach.
resultsFor acetaminophen, AUC was 36,053 ng/mL.h and 37,768 ng/mL.h in plasma and breast milk, respectively, with a milk-to-plasma drug concentration ratio of 1.048. For diclofenac, the AUC was 0.227 ng/mL.h and 0.021 ng/mL.h, in plasma and breast milk, respectively, with a milk-to-plasma drug concentration ratio of 0.093.
conclusionsWhile diclofenac sodium showed low mammary transfer, acetaminophen showed a relatively high milk-to-plasma drug concentration ratio. Given recent studies suggesting potential connections between acetaminophen use during pregnancy and risks to developmental prognosis in children, we believe that adequate information regarding the fact that acetaminophen is easily transferred to breast milk should be provided to mothers.
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