ArticleHealth and quality of life outcomes2024
Health-related quality of life in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in the UK: a cross-sectional study from pre- to post-infection.
Article in Health and quality of life outcomes, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health-related quality of life in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of EQ-5D studies.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2025Pooled it
- Health-related quality of life in immunocompromised adults with mild-moderate COVID-19 treated with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir: results from the randomized, double-blinded EPIC-IC trial.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2026Trial
- Characteristics, all-cause healthcare resource utilisation, and costs among high-risk adults with long COVID during Omicron predominance, 2022-2023: a retrospective cohort study using UK primary care data.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Health-related quality of life in COVID-19 in the United Kingdom: a vignette study.Health economics review · 2026Article
- The impact of testing positive versus negative for COVID-19 on health-related quality of life: cross-sectional evidence from the Alberta post-COVID-19 follow-up survey.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Post-COVID-19 health-related quality of life in India: A systematic review and meta-analytic assessment of recovery outcomes.World journal of virology · 2025Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on Health-Related Quality of Life and Mental Health Among Employees in Health and Social Services-A Longitudinal Study.Infectious disease reports · 2025Article
- Comparison of long-term health-related quality of life and symptoms between COVID-19 patients and test-negative controls during the Omicron-predominant period in Japan.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Health-Related Quality of Life in Long COVID: Mapping the Condition-Specific C19-YRSm Measure Onto the EQ-5D-5L.Patient related outcome measures · 2025Article
- Return-to-Work among COVID-19 Survivors in the Philippines and the Role of Rehabilitation: A Mixed-method Design.Acta medica Philippina · 2025Article
- How Long Is Long COVID? Evaluation of Long-Term Health Status in Individuals Discharged from a Specialist Community Long COVID Service.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Modelling COVID-19 Vaccination in the UK: Impact of the Autumn 2022 and Spring 2023 Booster Campaigns.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of this study was to estimate the impact of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) over time among individuals in the United Kingdom, adding to the evidence base that had focussed on severe COVID-19.
methodsA bespoke online survey was administered to individuals who self-reported a positive COVID-19 test. An amended version of a validated generic HRQoL instrument (EQ-5D-5L) was used to measure HRQoL retrospectively at different timepoints over the course of an infection: pre-COVID-19, acute COVID-19, and long COVID. In addition, HRQoL post-COVID-19 was captured by the original EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. A mixed-effects model was used to estimate changes in HRQoL over time, adjusted for a range of variables correlated with HRQoL.
resultsThe study recruited 406 participants: (i) 300 adults and 53 adolescents with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who had not been hospitalised for COVID-19 during acute COVID-19, and (ii) 53 adults who had been hospitalised for COVID-19 in the acute phase and who had been recruited for validation purposes. Data were collected between January and April 2022. Among participants included in the base-case analysis, EQ-5D-5L utility scores were lower during both acute COVID-19 (β=-0.080, p = 0.001) and long COVID (β=-0.072, p < 0.001) compared to pre COVID-19. In addition, EQ-5D-5L utility scores post-COVID-19 were found to be similar to the EQ-5D-5L utility scores before COVID-19, including for patients who had been hospitalised for COVID-19 during the acute phase or for those who had experienced long COVID. Moreover, being hospitalised in the acute phase was associated with additional utility decrements during both acute COVID-19 (β=-0.147, p = 0.026) and long (β=-0.186, p < 0.001) COVID.
conclusionPatients perceived their HRQoL to have varied significantly over the course of a mild-to-moderate COVID-19 infection. However, HRQoL was found to return to pre-COVID-19 levels, even for patients who had been hospitalised for COVID-19 during the acute phase or for those who had experienced long COVID.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.