ArticleInternational journal of emergency medicine2024
Evaluating the effectiveness of the pre‑hospital trauma life support (PHTLS) program for the management of trauma patients in the pre-hospital emergency based on Kirkpatrick's evaluation model.
Article in International journal of emergency medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Innovative nursing training in prehospital trauma care: design and impact assessment using a dual-cabin ambulance simulator.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- The impact of a mentorship program on clinical competency of midwifery students in managing labor and childbirth in Iran: A parallel randomized controlled trial.Journal of education and health promotion · 2026Article
- Evaluating the effect of a scenario-based pre-hospital trauma management training course on the knowledge and clinical skills of emergency medical service students.BMC emergency medicine · 2025Article
- The Effectiveness of the International Trauma Life Support (ITLS) Course on Multidisciplinary Healthcare Providers.Cureus · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPre-hospital trauma life support (PHTLS) training courses have been developed and widely adopted to enhance the proficiency of pre-hospital personnel in handling trauma patients. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the educational program for managing trauma patients in the pre-hospital emergency setting, utilizing Kirkpatrick's educational evaluation model.
methodsThis is an observational approach, consisting of four sub-studies. The PHTLS course was conducted over a 2-day period, encompassing both theoretical and practical components. For this study, we selected pre-hospital personnel from three emergency aid stations using a convenient sampling method. These personnel underwent their first-ever PHTLS course training, and we subsequently analyzed the effectiveness of the training program using Kirkpatrick's four levels of evaluation: satisfaction, learning, behavior, and results.
resultsThe study conducted on Kirkpatrick's first-level analysis revealed that participants expressed a high level of satisfaction with the quality of all aspects of the course. Moving on to the second and third levels, namely learning and behavior, significant improvements were observed in the average scores of various skills that were examined both immediately after the course and 2 months later (P < 0.05). However, when it comes to the fourth level and the impact of the course on indicators such as mortality rate and permanent disability, no significant changes were observed even after an average of 3 months since the course was introduced.
conclusionThe implementation of PHTLS has been linked to the enhancement of participants' skills in treating trauma patients, leading to the application of acquired knowledge in real-life scenarios and a positive change in participants' behavior. The evaluation of PHTLS courses in Iran, as in other countries, highlights the need for specialized training in pre-hospital trauma care. To ensure the continued effectiveness of the PHTLS course, it is advisable for managers and policymakers to encourage regular participation of PHTLS employees in the program.
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Registered trials
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