Observational studyBMC nephrology2024
Association of obstructive sleep apnea and diurnal variation of cystatin C.
Observational study in BMC nephrology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between elevated cystatin C levels and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative analysis of cardiac autonomic dysfunction between apnea-predominant and hypopnea-predominant obstructive sleep apnea: a study matched for age, sex, and apnea-hypopnea index : Short running title: cardiovascular risk of apnea vs. hypopnea in OSA.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeObstructive sleep apnea is a known risk factor for the progression of chronic kidney disease. To find early signs of the progression in subjects with obstructive sleep apnea., we assessed the diurnal variation of kidney biomarkers.
methodsA prospective observational study was conducted at Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, South Korea. All participants underwent in-laboratory polysomnography and phlebotomy in the evening before the polysomnography and in the morning after the polysomnography. Kidney biomarkers, including serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and serum cystatin C, were measured. Delta kidney biomarkers were calculated by subtracting the evening level of the biomarkers from the morning level.
resultsTwenty-six of 50 participants had severe obstructive sleep apnea. Delta cystatin C was significantly correlated with apnea-hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation index, and total arousal index with coefficients of -0.314, -0.323, and -0.289, respectively. In participants without severe obstructive sleep apnea, the morning cystatin C level (0.84 ± 0.11 mg/L) was significantly higher than the evening cystatin C level (0.81 ± 0.11 mg/L) (P = 0.005). With severe obstructive sleep apnea, the cystatin C levels were not different between the morning (0.85 ± 0.11 mg/L) and the evening (0.85 ± 0.10 mg/L).
conclusionsCystatin C level was increased in the morning in participants without severe obstructive sleep apnea, but not in participants with severe obstructive sleep apnea.
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