ArticleScientific reports2024
Analysis of anemia and iron supplementation among glioblastoma patients reveals sex-biased association between anemia and survival.
Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of iron in driving sex-biased differences in cancer.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Systemic iron availability differentially shapes tumor and brain iron handling in a sex-dependent manner in glioblastoma.PloS one · 2026Article
- The HALLMOUNT Score: Development of a Novel Multidimensional Prognostic Model for Solid Tumors, with Initial Clinical Application in Grade 4 Adult-Type Diffuse Gliomas.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Iron content of glioblastoma tumours and role of ferrous iron in the hypoxic responseFrontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Distribution and prognostic significance of myelotoxicity in newly diagnosed glioblastoma in a real-life cohort: Time to treat more aggressively?Neuro-oncology advancesArticle
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The association between anemia and outcomes in glioblastoma patients is unclear. We analyzed data from 1346 histologically confirmed adult glioblastoma patients in the TriNetX Research Network. Median hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were quantified for 6 months following diagnosis and used to classify patients as anemic or non-anemic. Associations of anemia and iron supplementation of anemic patients with median overall survival (median-OS) were then studied. Among 1346 glioblastoma patients, 35.9% of male and 40.5% of female patients were classified as anemic using hemoglobin-based WHO guidelines. Among males, anemia was associated with reduced median-OS compared to matched non-anemic males using hemoglobin (HR 1.24; 95% CI 1.00-1.53) or hematocrit-based cutoffs (HR 1.28; 95% CI 1.03-1.59). Among females, anemia was not associated with median-OS using hemoglobin (HR 1.00; 95% CI 0.78-1.27) or hematocrit-based cutoffs (HR: 1.10; 95% CI 0.85-1.41). Iron supplementation of anemic females trended toward increased median-OS (HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.32-1.19) although failing to reach statistical significance whereas no significant association was found in anemic males (HR 0.85; 95% CI 0.41-1.75). Functional transferrin-binding assays confirmed sexually dimorphic binding in resected patient samples indicating underlying differences in iron biology. Anemia among glioblastoma patients exhibits a sex-specific association with survival.
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