ArticleKidney international2024
Unbiased kidney-centric molecular categorization of chronic kidney disease as a step towards precision medicine.
Article in Kidney international, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of salidroside in diabetic nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Next-generation kidney tissue analysis - spatial omics and digital pathology.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Beyond eGFR and Albuminuria: Biological Pathways and Multiomics in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Disease.Kidney international reports · 2026Review
- Selective autophagy in kidney health and disease.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- From Parallel Programming to Bidirectional Crosstalk: The Brain-Kidney Axis in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A novel mouse model for cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: Bridging metabolic, renal and cardiac dysfunction.Molecular metabolism · 2026Article
- Geographical Distribution of Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Receiving Hemodialysis Care in Northwest Iran: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Shared multicellular injury programs of acute and chronic kidney disease enable mechanistic patient stratification.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- A two-stage deep learning framework for kidney disease detection using modified specular-free imaging and EfficientNetB2.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Redox-Driven Precision Medicine for Life-Course Prevention of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Artificial Intelligence in Nephrology-State of the Art on Theoretical Background, Molecular Applications, and Clinical Interpretation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Urine as a source of biomarkers and biological knowledge in chronic kidney disease.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Identification of lactylation and its hub genes in contributing immune activation and renal allograft fibrosis by integrative bioinformatics and machine learning.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Beyond the alarm: unveiling the multifaceted role of IL-33 in kidney disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- From albuminuria to multi-omics signatures: emerging biomarkers and drug targets for early-stage chronic kidney disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Age-multiplied low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) burden (AM-LDL) index stratifies bleeding and ischemic risk in acute coronary syndrome: implications for early therapeutic intensification.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Two decades of nephrology research: progress and future challenges.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2025Article
- Dynamic multi-omics and mechanistic modeling approach uncovers novel mechanisms of kidney fibrosis progression.Molecular systems biology · 2025Article
- Maintaining kidney health in aging societies: a JSN and ERA call to action.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025Review
- The Omics-Driven Machine Learning Path to Cost-Effective Precision Medicine in Chronic Kidney Disease.Proteomics · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 9 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Current classification of chronic kidney disease (CKD) into stages using indirect systemic measures (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria) is agnostic to the heterogeneity of underlying molecular processes in the kidney thereby limiting precision medicine approaches. To generate a novel CKD categorization that directly reflects within kidney disease drivers we analyzed publicly available transcriptomic data from kidney biopsy tissue. A Self-Organizing Maps unsupervised artificial neural network machine-learning algorithm was used to stratify a total of 369 patients with CKD and 46 living kidney donors as healthy controls. Unbiased stratification of the discovery cohort resulted in identification of four novel molecular categories of disease termed CKD-Blue, CKD-Gold, CKD-Olive, CKD-Plum that were replicated in independent CKD and diabetic kidney disease datasets and can be further tested on any external data at kidneyclass.org. Each molecular category spanned across CKD stages and histopathological diagnoses and represented transcriptional activation of distinct biological pathways. Disease progression rates were highly significantly different between the molecular categories. CKD-Gold displayed rapid progression, with significant eGFR-adjusted Cox regression hazard ratio of 5.6 [1.01-31.3] for kidney failure and hazard ratio of 4.7 [1.3-16.5] for composite of kidney failure or a 40% or more eGFR decline. Urine proteomics revealed distinct patterns between the molecular categories, and a 25-protein signature was identified to distinguish CKD-Gold from other molecular categories. Thus, patient stratification based on kidney tissue omics offers a gateway to non-invasive biomarker-driven categorization and the potential for future clinical implementation, as a key step towards precision medicine in CKD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.