Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38285957›Full record

Trial reportDiabetes care2024

Association of Baseline Factors With Glycemic Outcomes in GRADE: A Comparative Effectiveness Randomized Clinical Trial.

W Timothy Garvey, Robert M Cohen, Nicole M Butera, Erin J Kazemi, Naji Younes, Samuel P Rosin, Colleen E Suratt, Andrew Ahmann, Priscilla A Hollander, Jonathan Krakoff and 5 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes care, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT01794143. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01794143 phase3completed

Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study

Ran2013Enrolled7,850Registered outcomes4Posted comparisons0ConditionsComparative Effectiveness of Glycemia-lowering Medications, Type 2 DiabetesArmsDPP-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin), GLP-1 receptor agonist (liraglutide), Insulin (glargine), Sulfonylurea (glimepiride)
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults: pathogenesis, prevention and therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024 · on this map
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.

W Timothy GarveyDepartment of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.ORCID 0000-0003-0822-0860
Robert M CohenDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
Nicole M ButeraThe Biostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD.
Erin J KazemiThe Biostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD.
Naji YounesThe Biostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD.ORCID 0000-0002-8913-0340
Samuel P RosinThe Biostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD.
Colleen E SurattThe Biostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD.ORCID 0000-0002-5025-7176
Andrew AhmannDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR.ORCID 0000-0002-4544-5404
Priscilla A HollanderBaylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX.ORCID 0000-0003-2072-632X
Jonathan KrakoffSouthwestern American Indian Center, Phoenix, AZ.
Catherine L MartinDivision of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Elizabeth SeaquistDivision of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.ORCID 0000-0002-1945-1034
Michael W SteffesDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
John M LachinThe Biostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD.ORCID 0000-0001-9838-2841
GRADE Research Group
Milken Institute · USUniversity of Minnesota · USUniversity of Michigan · USAmerican Indian Center · USBaylor Scott & White Health · USUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham · USOregon Health & Science University · USCincinnati VA Medical Center · USBaylor Medical Center at Garland · US

Funding

Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A comparative effectiveness studyU01DK098246 · NIDDK · GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI KRAUSE-STEINRAUF, HEIDI, LACHIN, JOHN M · 2012 to 2022
$238.9M
Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (VICTR) -Identifying correlates of functional immunity in SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasmaUL1TR002243 · NCATS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Paul A. Harris, Wesley H Self · 2017 to 2026
$130.7M
WU INSTITUTE OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCESUL1TR002345 · NCATS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI William G. Powderly · 2017 to 2026
$97.8M
Implementing a Maternal health and PRegnancy Outcomes Vision for Everyone (IMPROVE)UL1TR002378 · NCATS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Andres J Garcia, Elizabeth O. Ofili · 2017 to 2026
$92.1M
Tracking & Evaluation CoreU54GM104940 · NIGMS · LSU PENNINGTON BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CTR · PI Peter Todd Katzmarzyk · 2012 to 2026
$69.1M
NIH Prior Approval Process ProfessionalUL1TR002535 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI SOKOL, RONALD J. · 2018 to 2022
$51.1M
Clinical and Translational Science Collaborative of ClevelandUL1TR000439 · NCATS · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI KONSTAN, MICHAEL W. · 2012 to 2016
$50.0M
Re-Entry Supplement: Investigation of Oral Microbial Enzymes for the Detection and Treatment of Periodontal DiseaseUL1TR002489 · NCATS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI BUSE, JOHN BERNARD, SHAHEEN, NICHOLAS J · 2018 to 2022
$48.6M
Vector and Transgenic Mouse CoreP30DK017047 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Sakeneh Zraika · 1986 to 2026
$41.4M
The Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (VICTR)UL1TR000445 · NCATS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI BERNARD, GORDON RAPHAEL · 2012 to 2016
$41.4M
Maternal Morbidity and Mortality: Risk Factors, Early Detection and Personalized InterventionUL1TR001409 · NCATS · GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY · PI GONDRE-LEWIS, MARJORIE C, MELLMAN, THOMAS A · 2015 to 2024
$37.8M
UNM HSC Clinical and Translational Science CenterUL1TR001449 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO HEALTH SCIS CTR · PI CAMPEN, MATTHEW J, PANDHI, NANCY · 2015 to 2024
$36.9M
CDC HHSNCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000439NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000445NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001108NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001409NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001449NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002243NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002345NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002378NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002489NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002529NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002535NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002537NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002548NCATS NIH HHS UM1 TR004528NHLBI NIH HHSNIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK017047NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK020541NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK020572NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK072476NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK079626NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK092926NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK098246NIDDK NIH HHS U01DK098246NIDDK NIH HHS U34 DK088043NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM104940
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo describe the individual and joint associations of baseline factors with glycemia, and also with differential effectiveness of medications added to metformin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsGlycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE) participants (with type 2 diabetes diagnosed for <10 years, on metformin, and with HbA1c 6.8-8.5%; N = 5,047) were randomly assigned to a basal insulin (glargine), sulfonylurea (glimepiride), glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist (liraglutide), or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (sitagliptin). The glycemic outcome was HbA1c ≥7.0%, subsequently confirmed. Univariate and multivariate regression and classification and regression tree (CART) analyses were used to assess the association of baseline factors with the glycemic outcome at years 1 and 4.

resultsIn univariate analyses at baseline, younger age (<58 years), Hispanic ethnicity, higher HbA1c, fasting glucose, and triglyceride levels, lower insulin secretion, and relatively greater insulin resistance were associated with the glycemic outcome at years 1 and/or 4. No factors were associated with differential effectiveness of the medications by year 4. In multivariate analyses, treatment group, younger age, and higher baseline HbA1c and fasting glucose were jointly associated with the glycemic outcome by year 4. The superiority of glargine and liraglutide at year 4 persisted after multiple baseline factors were controlled for. CART analyses indicated that failure to maintain HbA1c <7% by year 4 was more likely for younger participants and those with baseline HbA1c ≥7.4%.

conclusionsSeveral baseline factors were associated with the glycemic outcome but not with differential effectiveness of the four medications. Failure to maintain HbA1c <7% was largely driven by younger age and higher HbA1c at baseline. Factors that predict earlier glycemic deterioration could help in targeting patients for more aggressive management.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2MetforminBlood GlucoseDrug Therapy, CombinationGlycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulin GlargineLiraglutideMiddle AgedTreatment OutcomeBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsInsulin GlargineLiraglutideMetformin

Identifiers

PMID38285957
PMCPMC10973909
OpenAlexW4391308244

What OpenQuestion holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.