ArticlePublic health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
Fluidity in Reporting Gender Identity Labels in a Sample of Transgender and Gender Diverse Adolescents and Young Adults, Los Angeles, California, and New Orleans, Louisiana, 2017-2019.
Article in Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Redefining the gender identity spectrum in longitudinal studies: adolescent response patterns after adopting the two-step measure of sex and gender.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2025Article
- An Automated Algorithm for Classifying Expansive Responses for Gender Identity.Psychology of sexual orientation and gender diversity · 2024Article
- The association between gender identity fluidity and health outcomes in transgender and gender diverse people in New Orleans and Los Angeles, USA.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesTreating gender identity as a fixed characteristic may contribute to considerable misclassification and hinder accurate characterization of health inequities and the design of effective preventive interventions for transgender and gender diverse (TGD) adolescents and young adults. We examined changes in how an ethnically and racially diverse sample of TGD adolescents and young adults reported their gender identity over time, the implications of this fluidity on public health, and the potential effects of misclassification of gender identity.
methodsWe recruited 235 TGD adolescents and young adults (aged 15-24 y) in Los Angeles, California, and New Orleans, Louisiana, from May 2017 through August 2019 to participate in an HIV intervention study. We asked participants to self-report their gender identity and sex assigned at birth every 4 months for 24 months. We used a quantitative content analysis framework to catalog changes in responses over time and classified the changes into 3 main patterns: consistent, fluctuating, and moving in 1 direction. We then calculated the distribution of gender identity labels at baseline (initial assessment) and 12 and 24 months and described the overall sample by age, race, ethnicity, and study site.
resultsOf 235 TGD participants, 162 (69%) were from Los Angeles, 89 (38%) were Latinx, and 80 (34%) were non-Latinx Black or African American. Changes in self-reported gender identity were common (n = 181; 77%); in fact, 39 (17%) changed gender identities more than twice. More than 50% (n = 131; 56%) showed a fluctuating pattern.
conclusionsGender identity labels varied over time, suggesting that misclassification may occur if data from a single time point are used to define gender identity. Our study lays the foundation for launching studies to elucidate the associations between shifting gender identities and health outcomes.
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