ArticleRevista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)2024
Exploring depression in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A cross-sectional analysis of the clinical relationship with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale dimensions.
Article in Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Differential associations of childhood trauma subtypes with clinical symptoms, cognitive function, suicidal intent, and age at onset in Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Association of metabolic syndrome with comorbid major depressive disorder in remitted schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Is Happiness a Possible Outcome for People With Schizophrenia?Alpha psychiatry · 2026Article
- Anomalous self-experience in substance-induced and primary psychotic disorders: a cross-sectional comparative study using the EASE interview.Annals of general psychiatry · 2025Article
- Exploring the predictive role of the first mood episode on the predominant polarity in bipolar disorder: insights from a path analysis.Annals of general psychiatry · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveEvidence on the relationship between depression and clinical dimensions of schizophrenia remains limited. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between depression and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) dimensions in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
methodsTrained assessors administered the PANSS to measure symptoms of schizophrenia and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia to measure depression. The association of depression with overall PANSS score and related dimensions was investigated in multiple logistic regression analyses.
resultsWe included 231 inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (mean age: 42.4 (SD: 12.9) years; men: 58.9%; mean overall PANSS score: 82.5 (SD: 20.1); drug-free or naïve: 39.3%), including 78 (33.8%) with clinically significant depressive symptoms. Depression was associated with higher overall (regression coefficient, SE: 0.029, 0.008; p < 0.001) and general psychopathology (regression coefficient, SE: 0.118, 0.023; p < 0.001) PANSS scores. We found an inverse relationship between depression and positive symptoms (regression coefficient, SE: -0.088, 0.028; p = 0.002). No association between depression and negative symptoms was found.
conclusionDespite some limitations, our study shows that people affected by schizophrenia spectrum disorders with depression are likely to show more overall and general psychopathology symptoms but lower positive symptoms. Additional studies are needed to explore the generalizability of our findings.
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