ReviewTrauma, violence & abuse2024
The Effectiveness and Implementation of Psychological First Aid as a Therapeutic Intervention After Trauma: An Integrative Review.
Review in Trauma, violence & abuse, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nursing quality control combined with intensified psychological care reduces emotional distress and improves clinical outcomes in patients undergoing blood purification.Anales del sistema sanitario de Navarra · 2025Trial
- The effect of a single session of psychological first aid in the emergency department on PTSD and depressive symptoms three months post-intervention: results of a randomised controlled trial.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2024Trial
- Crisis responders' perspectives on animal-assisted crisis response in acute trauma settings: a qualitative study.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2026Article
- 'Being empathetic to my patients and ourselves': a qualitative process evaluation of READ-Y psychological first aid training for healthcare workers working in routine care.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Emergency medical rescue in debris flow disaster.American journal of medicine open · 2026Review
- Towards scalable psychological first aid training: an autoethnographic exploration of the potential of large language models in simulation-based learning.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- The mental health sequelae of mass shootings on affected children, adolescents and young adults - a scoping review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Review
- Post-traumatic stress disorder: outline and updated insights focusing on occupational factors.Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England) · 2026Review
- The Human-Canine Partnership in Animal-Assisted Crisis Response: A Welfare-Centered Perspective.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Disasters and crush syndrome-related acute kidney injury: What pediatric nephrologists should know.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Orthopaedic Trauma in Patients with Documented Alcohol Use: Injury Mechanisms, Clinical Characteristics, and Geriatric Vulnerability.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Predictive role of psychological resilience on disaster preparedness among psychiatric nurses: a cross-sectional study.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Psychological Interventions for Pregnant Women in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Incidents: A Systematic Review.Health science reports · 2026Review
- Disaster Epidemiology: Human Rights and the US Immigration and Customs Enforcement Siege of Minneapolis.Health and human rights · 2026Article
- Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Psychological First Aid Competence (PFAC) Scale for Emergency Responders: A Cross-Sectional, Sequential-Exploratory Mixed-Methods Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Psychological First Aid Training for Community Nurses in China: A Quasi-Experimental Study on Knowledge and Skills Enhancement.Nursing open · 2026Article
- Adapting and Co-Producing a Psychological First Aid Intervention for Care Home Staff: A Person-Based Approach to Enhance Workforce Resilience.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Global Emergency Medicine: A Scoping Review of the Literature From 2024.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2026Article
- Supporting Population Mental Health in the Wake of Mass Tragedies.The Medical journal of Australia · 2026Review
- Leveraging the Single-Session Intervention approach to address psychological distress following a traumatic event: Opportunities to advance early intervention for trauma.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Psychological First Aid (PFA) is known to be an initial early intervention following traumatic exposure, yet little is known about its optimal implementation and effectiveness. This review aims to examine the evidence for the effectiveness of PFA interventions and how PFA interventions have been designed, implemented, and experienced. MEDLINE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, PsychINFO, Embase, Web of Science, PILOTS, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (in Chinese) databases were searched. Twenty studies from 4,735 records were included and quality rated, followed by an integrative synthesis of quantitative and qualitative evidence. PFA intervention following trauma exposure shows a positive effect for reducing anxiety and facilitating adaptive functioning in the immediate and intermediate term, yet the evidence for reducing Post-traumatic stress disorder/depressive symptoms is less compelling. Furthermore, commonalities in the components and techniques across different PFA approaches identified tend to align with four of Hobfoll's five essential elements: safety, calm, efficacy, and connectedness (as reflected among 7/11 PFA protocols), whereas the "hope" element was less developed. These commonalities include active listening, relaxation/stabilization, problem-solving/practical assistance, and social connection/referral. Intensive techniques such as cognitive reconstruction have also been incorporated, intensifying PFA delivery. The substantial variation observed in PFA format, timing, and duration, coupled with inadequate documentation of fidelity of implementation and adaptation, further constrains the ability to inform best practices for PFA. This is concerning for lay frontline providers, vital in early trauma response, who report implementation challenges despite valuing PFA as a time-sensitive, supportive, and practical approach.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.