SynthesisEuropean journal of nutrition2024
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D threshold and risk of rickets in young children: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis to inform the development of dietary requirements for vitamin D.
Synthesis in European journal of nutrition, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Relationship Between Vitamin D Intake and Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in Young Children: A Meta-Regression to Inform WHO/FAO Vitamin D Intake Recommendations.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Vitamin D status and adiposity in children with low-energy fractures: a prospective case-control study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Observational
- BMI, Vitamin D Status, and Biochemical Markers of Mineralization in Children with Low-Energy Fractures: A Prospective Case-Control Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Comparison of three different daily doses of vitamin D3 in the treatment of nutritional rickets in Indian children under age 5 years: A randomized controlled trial.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Vitamin D Roles Across Developmental Stages in Pediatric Pneumonia: Linking Genetics, Microbiome, Maternal Status and Immunity.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Vitamin D in the UK: an urgent call to redefine the threshold for deficiency.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Cross-sectional comparative evaluation of five large language model-driven chatbots on an expert-curated 44-question set of parent-facing questions about pediatric vitamin D deficiency.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Reference Values for Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Human Milk: The Mothers, Infants and Lactation Quality (MILQ) Study.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Article
- Regulation of Renal and Extrarenal Calcitriol Synthesis and Its Clinical Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Intact Parathyroid Hormone as Functional Biomarkers of Bone Mass in Early Childhood.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Observational
- Advances in pediatrics in 2023: choices in allergy, analgesia, cardiology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, genetics, global health, hematology, infectious diseases, neonatology, neurology, pulmonology.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Review
- Clinical characteristics and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in children with febrile seizures in China.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Diagnosis, treatment, and management of rickets: a position statement from the Bone and Mineral Metabolism Group of the Italian Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Strategies to build stronger bones in Indian children: Challenges for implementation.The Indian journal of medical researchReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 6 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe objective of this systematic review was to determine a minimum serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) threshold based on the risk of having rickets in young children. This work was commissioned by the WHO and FAO within the framework of the update of the vitamin D requirements for children 0-3 years old.
methodsA systematic search of Embase was conducted to identify studies involving children below 4 years of age with serum 25OHD levels and radiologically confirmed rickets, without any restriction related to the geographical location or language. Study-level and individual participant data (IPD)-level random effects multi-level meta-analyses were conducted. The odds, sensitivity and specificity for rickets at different serum 25OHD thresholds were calculated for all children as well as for children with adequate calcium intakes only.
resultsA total of 120 studies with 5412 participants were included. At the study-level, children with rickets had a mean serum 25OHD of 23 nmol/L (95% CI 19-27). At the IPD level, children with rickets had a median and mean serum 25OHD of 23 and 29 nmol/L, respectively. More than half (55%) of the children with rickets had serum 25OHD below 25 nmol/L, 62% below 30 nmol/L, and 79% below 40 nmol/L. Analysis of odds, sensitivities and specificities for nutritional rickets at different serum 25OHD thresholds suggested a minimal risk threshold of around 28 nmol/L for children with adequate calcium intakes and 40 nmol/L for children with low calcium intakes.
conclusionThis systematic review and IPD meta-analysis suggests that from a public health perspective and to inform the development of dietary requirements for vitamin D, a minimum serum 25OHD threshold of around 28 nmol/L and above would represent a low risk of nutritional rickets for the majority of children with an adequate calcium intake.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.