Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38280126›Full record

ArticlePharmacoEconomics2024

Psychometric Properties of Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D) Proxy Version Administered to Parents and Caregivers of Children Aged 2-4 Years Compared with Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL).

Xiuqin Xiong, Natalie Carvalho, Li Huang, Gang Chen, Renee Jones, Nancy Devlin, Brendan Mulhern, Kim Dalziel

Open access · hybridAbstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in PharmacoEconomics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
16.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
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  3. Review
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  6. Measuring health-related quality of life in infants and toddlers: conceptual challenges and proposed recommendations.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Valuing health states for infants and toddlers: challenges and methodological considerations in EQ-TIPS preference elicitation.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. An Australian Value Set for the EQ-5D-Y-3L.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Xiuqin XiongCentre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-1323-4223
Natalie CarvalhoCentre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Li HuangCentre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Gang ChenCentre for Health Economics, Monash Business School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Renee JonesCentre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Nancy DevlinCentre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Brendan MulhernCentre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia.
Kim DalzielCentre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. kim.dalziel@unimelb.edu.au.ORCID 0000-0003-4972-8871
The University of Melbourne · AUMonash University · AUUniversity of Technology Sydney · AU

Funding

Australian Government Medical Research Futures Fund MRF1200816China Scholarship Council 201906010310EuroQol Research Foundation 330-PhDEuroQol Research Foundation 361-RA
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study examines the psychometric properties of the Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D) proxy version administered to parents/caregivers of 2-4-year-old Australian children compared with Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ version 4.0 (PedsQL).

methodsData collected in 2021/2022 from parents/caregivers of 2-4-year-olds from the Australian pediatric multi-instrument comparison study were used. Feasibility, ceiling/floor effects, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, known-group validity, and responsiveness were assessed.

resultsA total of 842 caregivers completed the survey at baseline, with 513 completing the follow-up survey. The CHU9D did not demonstrate ceiling effects in the sample with special health care needs, with only 6% of respondents reporting best levels for all nine dimensions. CHU9D correlated with PedsQL moderately-to-strongly between comparable items (correlation coefficients 0.34-0.70). CHU9D was able to differentiate between groups with known health differences with moderate-to-large effect sizes (Cohen's d 0.58-2.03). Moderate test-retest reliability was found for CHU9D in those reporting no health change at a 2-day follow-up (ICC 0.52). A standard response mean (SRM) of 0.25-0.44 was found for children with changes in general health and a SRM of 0.72-0.82 for children who reported worsened health when developing new illnesses, indicating small-to-large responsiveness according to different definitions of health changes. Compared with PedsQL, CHU9D had similar known-group validity and responsiveness and slightly poorer test-retest reliability.

conclusionThe CHU9D was found to be valid and reliable to measure health-related quality-of-life in children aged 2-4 years, although with relatively low test-retest reliability in some dimensions. Further development and validation work is warranted.

Indexed as

CaregiversChild HealthParentsPsychometricsQuality of LifeAustraliaChild, PreschoolFemaleHealth StatusHumansMaleReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID38280126
PMCPMC11169045
OpenAlexW4391277407

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.