ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
The Role of the CD28 Family Receptors in T-Cell Immunomodulation.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Efficacy of Pembrolizumab Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Immunotherapy impact of macrophage glycosylation on cholangiocarcinoma and its prognostic and immune microenvironment significance.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Immune Checkpoints in Leukaemia as Gatekeepers of Immuno-Modulation.Immunology · 2026Review
- Superantigens in Cancer Immunotherapy: Mechanisms, Engineering Strategies, and Therapeutic Potential.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Review
- microRNAs as Regulators of the Immune Response and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications in Cancer.Non-coding RNA · 2026Review
- Molecular dissection of CD28-associated cytokine signaling in early psoriasis.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Role of alternative splicing in cancer progression.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Review
- Molecular Insights into Oral Manifestations in Sjögren's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Multi-omics integrated approach reveals host-microbiome interactions in the adaptive mechanisms of weaning piglets.Journal of animal science and technology · 2026Article
- B7-H4: a multifaceted immune checkpoint and oncoprotein in cancer biology and immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Integrating T cell signaling and metabolism to enhance T cell engager responses in solid tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- New progress and clinical research translation of immune checkpoint inhibitors in systemic therapy of gallbladder cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Phenotypic characterization of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in visceral leishmaniasis and HIV co-infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Mechanisms and biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis: from T cell imbalance to multicellular crosstalk.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Introducing CAR-T Therapy in Kazakhstan: Establishing Academic-Scale Lentiviral Vector and CAR-T Cell Production.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Single-cell atlas reveals heterogeneous response to FcRn blockade in anti-AChR antibody-positive generalised myasthenia gravis.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Article
- Parkinson's disease: exploring the systemic immune mechanisms through molecular investigations.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The CD28 family receptors include the CD28, ICOS (inducible co-stimulator), CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4), PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1), and BTLA (B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator) molecules. They characterize a group of molecules similar to immunoglobulins that control the immune response through modulating T-cell activity. Among the family members, CD28 and ICOS act as enhancers of T-cell activity, while three others-BTLA, CTLA-4, and PD-1-function as suppressors. The receptors of the CD28 family interact with the B7 family of ligands. The cooperation between these molecules is essential for controlling the course of the adaptive response, but it also significantly impacts the development of immune-related diseases. This review introduces the reader to the molecular basis of the functioning of CD28 family receptors and their impact on T-cell activity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.