ArticleBMC primary care2024
Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress and associated reasons among Iranian primary healthcare workers: a mixed method study.
Article in BMC primary care, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Self-Efficacy-Based intervention for stress management in health centers employees.BMC psychology · 2025Trial
- Obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) and job performance among Iranian healthcare workers.BMC primary care · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Mental Health Profiles of Healthcare Workers in Northern Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional DASS-21 Study with Implications for Prevention and Interdisciplinary Care.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Occupational psychosocial risks as predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress among hospital employees.PloS one · 2026Article
- Prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression and their association with coping mechanisms among primary healthcare doctors in Petaling District, Selangor, during the transition to the endemic phase of COVID-19: A cross-sectional study.Malaysian family physician : the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic inequality in mental health disorders: A cross-sectional study from the Tehran University of Medical Sciences employees' cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Enhancing psychological health and cognitive inhibition in college students: insights from mindfulness training and high-intensity interval training.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- The drivers of mental health service utilisation among public primary healthcare workers in Negeri Sembilan.PloS one · 2025Article
- Spiritual well-being and perceived stress in primary health care nursing professionals.Revista brasileira de enfermagem · 2025Article
- Article
- Insomnia in teachers at the time of resumption of in-person instruction at schools amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.F1000Research · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDifferent mental disorders may be associated with many work-related factors to which primary health care workers (PHCWs) are exposed. The current research aims to measure the rates of depression, anxiety, and stress among PHCWs, and their associated causes in primary health care (PHC) settings.
methodsAn explanatory sequential mixed methods design was employed in this research from January 2021 to January 2022 in Tabriz, Iran's PHC centers. First, this study followed an online-based cross-sectional survey using a self-reported questionnaire. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) and questions on demographic and work-related characteristics were completed by 303 frontline PHCWs during the quantitative phase. In the qualitative phase, a semi-structured interview was held with 12 PHCWs who had the highest level of depression, anxiety, and stress to identify the reasons and sources of mental health prevalence. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics via SPSS-26. A content analysis was performed to analyze qualitative data.
resultsThe results showed that self-reported stress, anxiety, and depression had a prevalence of 40.3%, 42.9%, and 42.6%, respectively. Symptoms of at least one mental disorder were experienced by 54% of respondents, while 28% had all three. Major sources of stress, anxiety, and depression among PHCWs were working environment conditions, organizational policies, job-related reasons, and interpersonal relations.
conclusionsThe results of current study indicated that PHCWs experienced high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. The main factors and reasons that contributed to these mental health issues among PHCWs were work environment conditions, organizational policies, job-related reasons and interpersonal relations. Therefore, interventions should be implemented to promote mental health of PHCWs. This can include measures such as psychological screening, supportive care, workload management, flexible scheduling, and access to mental health resources. Additionally, training programs can be implemented to enhance resilience and coping skills among healthcare professionals.
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