ArticleBMC ophthalmology2024
The role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in atropine-related inhibition of the progression of myopia.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Network pharmacology and molecular dynamics simulations reveal shared mechanisms and myopia-specific targets of atropine in myopia and dry eye disease.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2026Article
- Myopia development: multifactorial interplay, molecular mechanisms and possible strategies.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Diurnal gene expression patterns in retina and choroid distinguish myopia progression from myopia onset.PloS one · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to investigate the potential involvement of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in myopia development and its contribution to the mechanism of action of the anti-myopia drug, atropine.
methodsThirty-three-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into normal control (NC, n = 10), monocularly form-deprived (FDM, n = 10), and FDM treated with 1% atropine (FDM + AT, n = 10) groups. The diopter and axial length were measured at 0, 2, and 4 weeks. Guinea pig eyeballs were removed at week four, fixed, and stained for morphological changes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) were performed to evaluate VIP protein and mRNA levels.
resultsThe FDM group showed an apparent myopic shift compared to the control group. The results of the H&E staining were as follows: the cells of the inner/outer nuclear layers and retinal ganglion cells were disorganized; the choroidal thickness (ChT), blood vessel lumen, and area were decreased; the sclera was thinner, with disordered fibers and increased interfibrillar space. IHC and ISH revealed that VIP's mRNA and protein expressions were significantly up-regulated in the retina of the FDM group. Atropine treatment attenuated FDM-induced myopic shift and fundus changes, considerably reducing VIP's mRNA and protein expressions.
conclusionsThe findings of elevated VIP mRNA and protein levels observed in the FDM group indicate the potential involvement of VIP in the pathogenesis and progression of myopia. The ability of atropine to reduce this phenomenon suggests that this may be one of the molecular mechanisms for atropine to control myopia.
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