ReviewNature reviews. Cardiology2024
Immune checkpoints in cardiac physiology and pathology: therapeutic targets for heart failure.
Review in Nature reviews. Cardiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Cardiotoxicity Risk of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Compared with Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Pooled it
- Integrative Omics Analysis Reveals a CD206Barrier immunity · 2026Article
- PD-1/PD-L1 Signaling in Non-ICI Myocarditis.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2026Article
- The Interplay of Programmed Cell Death Networks in Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Cardiac dysfunction during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: association with extracardiac immune-related adverse events.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Inhibition of the programmed death protein 1 immune checkpoint and the development of heart failure in the presence of prior cardiac ischaemia.Cardiovascular research · 2026Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Cardiovascular Toxicity: Mechanisms, Clinical Manifestations, and Clinical Impact.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Review
- A comprehensive analysis of immune checkpoint receptor-ligand pairs in aortic diseases highlights the immunosuppressive roles of CD155 and CD274.Genes & diseases · 2026Article
- Organ cross-talk: molecular mechanisms, biological functions, and therapeutic interventions for diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Integrated analysis of cell-in-cell related genes and immune microenvironment in heart failure.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cardiotoxicity: a cellular pharmacology perspective on susceptibility and resistance.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Correlation of Controlling Nutritional Status Score and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index With Frailty and Prognosis in Chronic Heart Failure Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.Cardiology research and practice · 2026Article
- The cardiovascular-immune axis: crosstalk and therapy in atherosclerosis, myocarditis and vasculitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Consolidation ICIs Alter cardiac subregion radiosensitivity in NSCLC patients treated with Chemo-Radiotherapy.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2026Article
- DNA Methylation Patterns of 5mC Regulators: Insights into Immune Microenvironment Regulation in Heart Failure.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Evolving Trends and Drug Class Dynamics in Drug-Induced Myocarditis: A 2-Decade Comparative Analysis of Pharmacovigilance Data.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- [Immune checkpoint inhibitor- associated cardiotoxicity, with a focus on the diagnosis and management of immune-mediated myocarditis: a review and case report].Magyar onkologia · 2025Review
- CTLA-4-Ig therapy preserves cardiac function following myocardial infarction with reperfusion.Cardiovascular research · 2025Article
- Identifying congestion phenotypes using unsupervised machine learning in acute heart failure.European heart journal. Digital health · 2025Article
- LncRNA Foxo6os as a Novel " Scaffold" Mediates MYBPC3 in Combating Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Immune checkpoint molecules are physiological regulators of the adaptive immune response. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as monoclonal antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 or cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4, have revolutionized cancer treatment and their clinical use is increasing. However, ICIs can cause various immune-related adverse events, including acute and chronic cardiotoxicity. Of these cardiovascular complications, ICI-induced acute fulminant myocarditis is the most studied, although emerging clinical and preclinical data are uncovering the importance of other ICI-related chronic cardiovascular complications, such as accelerated atherosclerosis and non-myocarditis-related heart failure. These complications could be more difficult to diagnose, given that they might only be present alongside other comorbidities. The occurrence of these complications suggests a potential role of immune checkpoint molecules in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis, and disruption of physiological immune checkpoint signalling might thus lead to cardiac pathologies, including heart failure. Although inflammation is a long-known contributor to the development of heart failure, the therapeutic targeting of pro-inflammatory pathways has not been successful thus far. The increasingly recognized role of immune checkpoint molecules in the failing heart highlights their potential use as immunotherapeutic targets for heart failure. In this Review, we summarize the available data on ICI-induced cardiac dysfunction and heart failure, and discuss how immune checkpoint signalling is altered in the failing heart. Furthermore, we describe how pharmacological targeting of immune checkpoints could be used to treat heart failure.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.