ArticleJMIR human factors2024
Testing the Feasibility and Acceptability of Using an Artificial Intelligence Chatbot to Promote HIV Testing and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Malaysia: Mixed Methods Study.
Article in JMIR human factors, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Artificial intelligence for HIV care: a global systematic review of current studies and emerging trends.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Pooled it
- Chatbot-Delivered Real-Time Support to Improve HIV Self-Testing Rates: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Large language model-based triage to identify antiretroviral therapy adherence barriers and risk levels in patient messages.JAMIA open · 2026Article
- Acceptability, Usability, and Clinical Appropriateness of an AI-Powered Tool for Linkage to HIV Services After HIV Self-Testing in South Africa: Mixed Methods Evaluation.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Potential Strategies for Participation and Community Engagement in Syphilis Clinical Research.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2026Article
- Preferences for mHealth Features to Support Engagement in the HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Cascade Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Peru: Cross-Sectional Online Survey.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Identifying Implementation Gaps in the HIV Prevention Cascade among Peruvian Men Who Have Sex with Men.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Large Language Models in Infectious Diseases: A Systemic Review.Research square · 2026Article
- Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence Conversational Chatbot to Enhance HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Uptake: Development and Usability Internal Testing.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- The HIV/AIDS response as we knew it is over: Where do we go from here?Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Review
- "I Could Practice Flirting Without Pressure": A Proof-of-Concept Study of an AI Chatbot-Assisted Intervention for Men Facing Distressing Involuntary Singlehood.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Article
- Integrating artificial intelligence and machine learning in HIV testing interventions in Gauteng Province, South Africa: Opportunities, challenges, and implementation strategies.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2026Article
- Machine Learning Application in Enhancing HIV Management and Treatment Outcomes: Revolutionizing HIV Infection.Current HIV research · 2026Review
- Readability and information quality of LLM-Generated HIV content: a methodological content evaluation.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- User Input in the Development of Digital Sexual Health Tools: A Scoping Review and Guidance for Tool Developers.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Usability of an HIV Prevention Artificial Intelligence Chatbot in Malaysia: National Observational Study.JMIR human factors · 2025Observational
- Formative evaluation of the acceptance of HIV prevention Artificial Intelligence chatbots by Black gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in the Southern United States: Focus group study.PLOS digital health · 2025Article
- Preferences for eHealth interventions to improve sexual health and prevent HIV for Vietnamese young men who have sex with men.Health promotion international · 2025Article
- Interactive Conversational Agents for Perinatal Health: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The first AI-based Chatbot to promote HIV self-management: A mixed methods usability study.HIV medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe HIV epidemic continues to grow fastest among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Malaysia in the presence of stigma and discrimination. Engaging MSM on the internet using chatbots supported through artificial intelligence (AI) can potentially help HIV prevention efforts. We previously identified the benefits, limitations, and preferred features of HIV prevention AI chatbots and developed an AI chatbot prototype that is now tested for feasibility and acceptability.
objectiveThis study aims to test the feasibility and acceptability of an AI chatbot in promoting the uptake of HIV testing and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in MSM.
methodsWe conducted beta testing with 14 MSM from February to April 2022 using Zoom (Zoom Video Communications, Inc). Beta testing involved 3 steps: a 45-minute human-chatbot interaction using the think-aloud method, a 35-minute semistructured interview, and a 10-minute web-based survey. The first 2 steps were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. Emerging themes from the qualitative data were mapped on the 4 domains of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, and social influence.
resultsMost participants (13/14, 93%) perceived the chatbot to be useful because it provided comprehensive information on HIV testing and PrEP (performance expectancy). All participants indicated that the chatbot was easy to use because of its simple, straightforward design and quick, friendly responses (effort expectancy). Moreover, 93% (13/14) of the participants rated the overall chatbot quality as high, and all participants perceived the chatbot as a helpful tool and would refer it to others. Approximately 79% (11/14) of the participants agreed they would continue using the chatbot. They suggested adding a local language (ie, Bahasa Malaysia) to customize the chatbot to the Malaysian context (facilitating condition) and suggested that the chatbot should also incorporate more information on mental health, HIV risk assessment, and consequences of HIV. In terms of social influence, all participants perceived the chatbot as helpful in avoiding stigma-inducing interactions and thus could increase the frequency of HIV testing and PrEP uptake among MSM.
conclusionsThe current AI chatbot is feasible and acceptable to promote the uptake of HIV testing and PrEP. To ensure the successful implementation and dissemination of AI chatbots in Malaysia, they should be customized to communicate in Bahasa Malaysia and upgraded to provide other HIV-related information to improve usability, such as mental health support, risk assessment for sexually transmitted infections, AIDS treatment, and the consequences of contracting HIV.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.