Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38275010›Full record

ArticleCancer medicine2024

LGBTQ+ inequity in crowdfunding cancer costs: The influence of online reach and LGBTQ+ state policy.

Austin R Waters, Caleb W Easterly, Cindy Turner, Lauren Ghazal, Ida Tovar, Megan Mulvaney, Matt Poquadeck, Stephen A Rains, Kristin G Cloyes, Anne C Kirchhoff and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.2field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Health inequities in medical crowdfunding: a systematic review.International journal for equity in health · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Differences in cancer-related crowdfunding between transgender or gender diverse and cisgender LGBTQ+ cancer campaigns: a mixed-methods analysis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Austin R WatersDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9947-8535
Caleb W EasterlyDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Cindy TurnerCollege of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5250-3409
Lauren GhazalCrowdfunding Cancer Costs (C3) LGBTQ+ Study Advisory Board, Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Ida TovarCollege of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Megan MulvaneyCrowdfunding Cancer Costs (C3) LGBTQ+ Study Advisory Board, Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Matt PoquadeckCrowdfunding Cancer Costs (C3) LGBTQ+ Study Advisory Board, Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8678-2730
Stephen A RainsDepartment of Communication, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Kristin G CloyesSchool of Nursing, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Anne C KirchhoffCancer Control and Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Erin E KentDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2503-2191
Echo L WarnerCancer Control and Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5998-9744
University of Utah · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USOregon Health & Science University · USUniversity of Arizona · US

Funding

UTAH REGIONAL CANCER CENTERP30CA042014 · NCI · UTAH STATE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM--UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI Jared P Rutter · 1986 to 2026
$72.6M
Research Education ComponentP30AG066518 · NIA · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI KEVIN M DUFF, Lisa C Silbert · 2020 to 2026
$28.6M
Cancer Care Quality Training ProgramT32CA116339 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI ETHAN M. BASCH, Stephanie Brooke Wheeler · 2018 to 2026
$3.0M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA042014NCI NIH HHS P30CA042014-31S3NCI NIH HHS T32 CA116339NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066518
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEmerging literature suggests that LGBTQ+ cancer survivors are more likely to experience financial burden than non-LGBTQ+ survivors. However, LGBTQ+ cancer survivors experience with cost-coping behaviors such as crowdfunding is understudied.

methodsWe aimed to assess LGBTQ+ inequity in cancer crowdfunding by combining community-engaged and technology-based methods. Crowdfunding campaigns were web-scraped from GoFundMe and classified as cancer-related and LGBTQ+ or non-LGBTQ+ using term dictionaries. Bivariate analyses and generalized linear models were used to assess differential effects in total goal amount raised by LGBTQ+ status. Stratified models were run by online reach and LGBTQ+ inclusivity of state policy.

resultsA total of N = 188,342 active cancer-related crowdfunding campaigns were web-scraped from GoFundMe in November 2022, of which N = 535 were LGBTQ+ and ranged from 2014 to 2022. In multivariable models of recent campaigns (2019-2022), LGBTQ+ campaigns raised $1608 (95% CI: -2139, -1077) less than non-LGBTQ+ campaigns. LGBTQ+ campaigns with low (26-45 donors), moderate (46-87 donors), and high (88-240 donors) online reach raised on average $1152 (95% CI: -$1589, -$716), $1050 (95% CI: -$1737, -$364), and $2655 (95% CI: -$4312, -$998) less than non-LGBTQ+ campaigns respectively. When stratified by LGBTQ+ inclusivity of state level policy states with anti-LGBTQ+ policy/lacking equitable policy raised on average $1910 (95% CI: -2640, -1182) less than non-LGBTQ+ campaigns from the same states. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Our findings revealed LGBTQ+ inequity in cancer-related crowdfunding, suggesting that LGBTQ+ cancer survivors may be less able to address financial burden via crowdfunding in comparison to non-LGBTQ+ cancer survivors-potentially widening existing economic inequities.

Indexed as

CrowdsourcingFund RaisingNeoplasmsSexual and Gender MinoritiesHealthcare FinancingHumanscost of carecrowdfundingfinancial burdenfinancial hardshipfinancial toxicitygender expansivegender identitysexual and gender minoritysexual minoritysexual orientationtransgender

Identifiers

PMID38275010
PMCPMC10905337
OpenAlexW4391262212

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.