Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38273260›Full record

Observational studyBMC immunology2024

Tumor microenvironment and immune system preservation in early-stage breast cancer: routes for early recurrence after mastectomy and treatment for lobular and ductal forms of disease.

Hassan A Saad, Azza Baz, Mohamed Riad, Mohamed E Eraky, Ahmed El-Taher, Mohamed I Farid, Khaled Sharaf, Huda E M Said, Lotfy A Ibrahim

RetractedOpen access · goldAbstract readObservational StudyRetracted Publication
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMC immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 32% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The Genomic and Biologic Landscapes of Breast Cancer and Racial Differences.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Hassan A SaadSurgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, 44661, Egypt. ebramos_2010@yahoo.com.
Azza BazSurgical Department, Alahrar Teaching Hospital, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, 55971, Egypt.
Mohamed RiadSurgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, 44661, Egypt.
Mohamed E ErakySurgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, 44661, Egypt.
Ahmed El-TaherSurgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, 44661, Egypt.
Mohamed I FaridSurgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, 44661, Egypt.
Khaled SharafSurgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, 44661, Egypt.
Huda E M SaidClinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, 55971, Egypt.
Lotfy A IbrahimSurgical Department, AlAzhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 55888, Egypt.
Zagazig University · EGAl-Azhar University · EG

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIntra-ductal cancer (IDC) is the most common type of breast cancer, with intra-lobular cancer (ILC) coming in second. Surgery is the primary treatment for early stage breast cancer. There are now irrefutable data demonstrating that the immune context of breast tumors can influence growth and metastasis. Adjuvant chemotherapy may be administered in patients who are at a high risk of recurrence. Our goal was to identify the processes underlying both types of early local recurrences.

methodsThis was a case-control observational study. Within 2 years of receiving adjuvant taxan and anthracycline-based chemotherapy, as well as modified radical mastectomy (MRM), early stage IDC and ILC recurred. Vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP1), and clustered differentiation (CD95) were investigated.

resultsOf the samples in the ductal type group, 25 showed local recurrence, and 25 did not. Six individuals in the lobular-type group did not experience recurrence, whereas seven did. Vimentin (p = 0.000 and 0.021), PDGF (p = 0.000 and 0.002), and CD95 (p = 0.000 and 0.045) expressions were significantly different in ductal and lobular carcinoma types, respectively. Measurement of ductal type was the sole significant difference found in MMP1 (p = 0.000) and α-SMA (p = 0.000). α-SMA and CD95 were two variables that helped the recurrence mechanism in the ductal type according to the pathway analysis. In contrast, the CD95 route is a recurrent mechanism for the lobular form.

conclusionsWhile the immune system plays a larger role in ILC, the tumor microenvironment and immune system both influence the recurrence of IDC. According to this study, improving the immune system may be a viable cancer treatment option.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsCarcinoma, Ductal, BreastCarcinoma, LobularFemaleHumansMastectomyMatrix Metalloproteinase 1Tumor MicroenvironmentVimentinMatrix Metalloproteinase 1VimentinDCI and ILCEarly breast cancer predictionImmune microenvironmentRole of immune system in IDC

Identifiers

PMID38273260
PMCPMC10809557
OpenAlexW4391229188

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.