ArticleNature communications2024
Direct 4D printing of ceramics driven by hydrogel dehydration.
Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Smart Bioinks for 4D Bioprinting: Requirements, Design, and Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Research on Stereolithography-Based Shape Memory Polymers/FeMaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- 3D Printing of Magnetic Soft Materials for Functional Structures and Devices.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Ionic weaving network enables mechanically robust smart hydrogels with anti-swelling and anti-freezing capabilities.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Dehydration-Driven Self-Curling for Programmable Multimetallic 3D Architectures.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- 4D metallic metamaterials for bone implants via biodegradation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Particle-Nanofiber Superstructures.Accounts of materials research · 2026Article
- Incorporating crystalline smart materials to fabricate 4D printed photomechanical actuators with photovoltaic performance.Smart molecules : open access · 2026Article
- Design and Application of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels for 4D Printing: A Review of Adaptive Materials in Engineering.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Printing technologies for monitoring crop health.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Facile Single-Nanocomposite 4D Bioprinting of Dynamic Hydrogel Constructs with Thickness-Controlled Gradient.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Biomimetic Additive Manufacturing: Engineering Complexity Inspired by Nature's Simplicity.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Two-photon polymerization based 4D printing of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel microarchitectures for reversible shape morphing.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Additive Manufacturing of Alumina-Based Ceramic Structures by Vat Photopolymerization: A Review of Strategies for Improving Shaping Accuracy and Properties.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Improved Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane-Driven 4D Printing of Aluminum Oxide Ceramics.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Advances in 3D and 4D Printing of Gel-Based Foods: Mechanisms, Applications, and Future Directions.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A Systematic Study on Digital Light Processing 3D Printing of 0-3 Ceramic Composites for Piezoelectric Metastructures.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- 4D Printing Self-Sensing and Load-Carrying Smart Components.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Review
- Direct 4D printing of ceramics driven by hydrogel dehydration.Nature communications · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
4D printing technology combines 3D printing and stimulus-responsive materials, enabling construction of complex 3D objects efficiently. However, unlike smart soft materials, 4D printing of ceramics is a great challenge due to the extremely weak deformability of ceramics. Here, we report a feasible and efficient manufacturing and design approach to realize direct 4D printing of ceramics. Photocurable ceramic elastomer slurry and hydrogel precursor are developed for the fabrication of hydrogel-ceramic laminates via multimaterial digital light processing 3D printing. Flat patterned laminates evolve into complex 3D structures driven by hydrogel dehydration, and then turn into pure ceramics after sintering. Considering the dehydration-induced deformation and sintering-induced shape retraction, we develop a theoretical model to calculate the curvatures of bent laminate and sintered ceramic part. Then, we build a design flow for direct 4D printing of various complex ceramic objects. This approach opens a new avenue for the development of ceramic 4D printing technology.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.