Observational studyImmunity, inflammation and disease2024
An integrative model with HLA-DR, CD64, and PD-1 for the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of sepsis.
Observational study in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative efficacy and safety of immunomodulatory therapies for sepsis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The cellular response capacity (CRC) as a novel immunomonitoring approach in sepsis.Military Medical Research · 2026Article
- Peripheral immune phenotyping identifies an immunosuppressed sepsis endotype with potential relevance for immune stratification.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immune Biomarker Profiling Across Clinical States and Development of a SOFA-Integrated Model for 28-Day Mortality Prediction in Sepsis: A Prospective Cohort Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota and sepsis: mechanisms, clinical correlations, and therapeutic prospects.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- CSN6 aggravates inflammation and Myocardial injury in macrophage of sepsis model by MIF.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- An investigation of the relationship between sPD-1, sPD-L1 and severe pneumonia patients admitted to ICU and its clinical significance.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- An integrative model with HLA-DR, CD64, and PD-1 for the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of sepsis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection and progressive immunosuppression with high mortality. HLA-DR, CD64, and PD-1 were assumed to be useful biomarkers for sepsis prediction. However, the ability of a combination of these biomarkers has not been clarified.
methodsAn observational case-control study was conducted that included 30 sepsis patients, 30 critically ill patients without sepsis admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and 32 healthy individuals. The levels of HLA-DR, CD64, and PD-1 expression in peripheral blood immune cells and subsets was assayed on Days 1, 3, and 5, and the clinical information of patients was collected. We compared these biomarkers between groups and evaluated the predictive validity of single and combined biomarkers on sepsis mortality.
resultsThe results indicate that PD-1 expression on CD4
conclusionThese findings indicate that the combinations of HLA-DR, CD64, and PD-1 outperformed each of the single indicator in diagnosis and predicting prognosis of sepsis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.