SynthesisNursing open2024
Prevalence and risk factors of exposure keratopathy among critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Nursing open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ocular Surface Disorders in ICU Patients: Evidence-Based Nursing Prevention Strategies.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and risk factors of exposure keratopathy among critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Nursing open · 2024Pooled it
- Ocular surface alterations in critically ill patients: An observational study.The Indian journal of medical research · 2026Observational
- ICU-Associated Exposure Keratopathy and Preventable Corneal Blindness: A Clinical Review.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Immediate Bilateral Sequential Keratoplasty in a 13-Year-Old Boy With Perforated Corneal Ulcer Secondary to Exposure Keratopathy.Clinical case reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Characteristics and associated risk factors of exposure keratopathy among ventilated patients in intensive care units in JordanAcute and critical care · 2025Article
- Sutureless-dehydrated amniotic membrane (Omnigen®) mounted on contact lens (OmniLenz®) in the treatment of small corneal perforations secondary to exposure keratitis in ICU patients.Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation ophthalmology journal · 2025Article
- Exposure keratopathy and conjunctival microbial flora in mechanically ventilated patients - A hospital-based prospective study.Journal of anaesthesiology, clinical pharmacologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsTo identify the incidence, prevalence and risk factors of exposure keratopathy (EK) among critically ill patients.
designSystematic review and meta-analysis, in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 Statement.
methodsThe Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), Weipu Database (VIP) and WanFang Database were systematically searched from inception to June 2022. Observational studies that reported EK among paediatric and adult critically ill patients were screened and included original articles based on the inclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently completed data extraction and quality assessments. Subgroup analysis investigated potential causes of heterogeneity.
resultsOf the 4508 studies identified, 23 studies involving 3519 subjects were included. The pooled prevalence of EK was 34.0%, and the pooled incidence rate of EK was 23.0%. Risk factors associated with EK in critically ill patients included lagophthalmos, chemosis, eye blinks <5 times per minute, mechanical ventilation, sedation, lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score.
conclusionThis review shows that EK rates are high in critically ill patients and are influenced by multiple factors. Medical staff should pay more attention to EK in critically ill patients, conduct professional evaluations and implement targeted eye care protocols to reduce its occurrence. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This study shows the frequency of and multiple risk factors for EK in critically ill patients, which provides evidence-based guidance for nurses to evaluate the risk of EK in critically ill patients and take appropriate precautions to reduce the risk. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/) (CRD42022346964). PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.