Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38267191›Full record

ReviewThe Lancet. Neurology2024

A biological classification of Parkinson's disease: the SynNeurGe research diagnostic criteria.

Günter U Höglinger, Charles H Adler, Daniela Berg, Christine Klein, Tiago F Outeiro, Werner Poewe, Ronald Postuma, A Jon Stoessl, Anthony E Lang

Erratum issuedAbstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in The Lancet. Neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 342 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
342citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

342 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  10. Dynamic [Molecular neurodegeneration · 2026
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  13. [Dementia with Lewy bodies].Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie · 2026
    Review
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  20. The neurologist of 2050: Rethinking the role in movement disorders in a technologically transformed society.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
    Review

282 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Günter U HöglingerDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
Charles H AdlerDepartment of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
Daniela BergChristian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
Christine KleinInstitute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lüebeck, Germany.
Tiago F OuteiroDepartment of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Werner PoeweMedical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Ronald PostumaDepartment of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
A Jon StoesslPacific Parkinson's Research Centre and Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada.
Anthony E LangUniversity Health Network's Krembil Brain Institute, Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Rossy PSP Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: anthony.lang@uhnresearch.ca.

Funding

CIHR
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With the hope that disease-modifying treatments could target the molecular basis of Parkinson's disease, even before the onset of symptoms, we propose a biologically based classification. Our classification acknowledges the complexity and heterogeneity of the disease by use of a three-component system (SynNeurGe): presence or absence of pathological α-synuclein (S) in tissues or CSF; evidence of underlying neurodegeneration (N) defined by neuroimaging procedures; and documentation of pathogenic gene variants (G) that cause or strongly predispose to Parkinson's disease. These three components are linked to a clinical component (C), defined either by a single high-specificity clinical feature or by multiple lower-specificity clinical features. The use of a biological classification will enable advances in both basic and clinical research, and move the field closer to the precision medicine required to develop disease-modifying therapies. We emphasise the initial application of these criteria exclusively for research. We acknowledge its ethical implications, its limitations, and the need for prospective validation in future studies.

Indexed as

Parkinson DiseaseHumansNeuroimagingPrecision Medicine

Identifiers

PMID38267191

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.