ArticleJournal of neurology2024
Free water imaging in Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian disorders.
Article in Journal of neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Divergent Glymphatic Dysfunction and Free Water Pathology Underpin Distinct Mechanisms and Enable Differential Diagnosis in Parkinson's Disease and Multiple System Atrophy.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Article
- Altered glymphatic function in nasopharyngeal carcinoma following radiotherapy: novel insights from choroid plexus volume and free-water fraction analyses.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Association of reduced DTI-ALPS index and increased free water with glymphatic system alterations in noise-induced hearing loss: a neuroimaging study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Distinct AQP4 Alterations in Movement Disorders with Primary Synucleinopathy.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025Article
- Pathomechanisms of neuropsychiatric disturbances in atypical parkinsonian disorders: a current view.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Review
- The Spectrum of Cognitive Impairment in Atypical Parkinsonism Syndromes: A Comprehensive Review of Current Understanding and Research.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Parkinson's Disease: Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Disease Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFree water (FW)-corrected diffusion measures are more precise compared to standard diffusion measures. This study comprehensively evaluates FW and corrected diffusion metrics for whole brain white and deep gray matter (WM, GM) structures in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) and attempts to ascertain the probable patterns of WM abnormalities.
methodDiffusion MRI was acquired for subjects with PD (n = 133), MSA (n = 25), PSP (n = 30) and matched healthy controls (HC) (n = 99, n = 24, n = 12). Diffusion metrics of FA, MD, AD, RD were generated and FW, corrected FA maps were calculated using a bi-tensor model. TBSS was carried out at 5000 permutations with significance at p < 0.05. For GM, diffusivity maps were extracted from the basal ganglia, and analyzed at an FDR with p < 0.05.
resultsCompared to HC, PD showed focal changes in FW. MSA showed changes in the cerebellum and brainstem, and PSP showed increase in FW involving supratentorial WM and midbrain. All three showed increased substantia nigra FW. MSA, PSP demonstrated increased FW in bilateral putamen. PD showed increased FW in left GP externa, and bilateral thalamus. Compared to HC, MSA had increased FW in bilateral GP interna, and left thalamic. PSP had an additional increase in FW of the right GP externa, right GP interna, and bilateral thalamus.
conclusionThe present study demonstrated definitive differences in the patterns of FW alterations between PD and atypical parkinsonian disorders suggesting the possibility of whole brain FW maps being used as markers for diagnosis of these disorders.
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