ArticleEndocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets2024
Could the Propionic Acid Treatment in Combination with Metformin be Safe for the Small Intestine of Diabetic Rats?
Article in Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of a Medication Adherence Education Intervention on Clinical Outcomes in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Trial
- Apoptotic and proliferative processes in the small intestine of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus after metformin and propionic acid treatment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundEffects of propionic acid (PA) on the cellular and molecular processes in the small intestine under type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress remain incompletely studied.
objectivesThe aim of the study was to assess the state of unfolded protein response (UPR) system in the small intestine of diabetic rats and to explore PA's influence on metformin treatment.
methodsMale Wistar rats were divided into 1) control and 2) T2DM groups, and groups receiving (14 days, orally) 3) metformin (60 mg/kg), 4) PA (60 mg/kg), and 5) PA+metformin. Western blotting, RT-PCR, and transmission electron microscopy were performed.
resultsWe found that T2DM induced elevation of ER intermembrane space and UPR overactivation based on increased GRP78, ATF6 and PERK levels in small intestine. Metformin treatment led to a further UPR activation. PA supplementation partially restored enterocytes functioning via normalization of ATF6 and PERK content, while IRE1 level reached the maximum value, compared to all groups. The most pronounced effect of adaptation to the T2DMinduced ER stress was observed after combined metformin and PA action. In particular, decreased ER intermembrane space in enterocytes was detected compared to separate metformin and PA administration, which was accompanied by restored GRP78, PERK and IRE1 levels.
conclusionOur study proves the safety of additional therapy with propionic acid in combination with metformin for the functional state of small intestine. Due to its ability to modulate UPR signaling, PA may be considered a safe and perspective candidate for supportive therapy in T2DM, especially for neuroprotection.
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