ReviewFrontiers in public health2023
Two centuries of vaccination: historical and conceptual approach and future perspectives.
Review in Frontiers in public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Current Efficacy of Multiepitope Vaccines Against Helminths: A Systematic Review.Biomolecules · 2025Pooled it
- CRISPR-Cas and Infectious Diseases: A Decade of Translational Advances in Molecular Biotechnology.Biochemical genetics · 2026Review
- Immunoinformatics-Based Design of a Multi-Epitope Vaccine Targeting a Conserved Copper-Associated Protein in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.Biotechnology and applied biochemistry · 2026Article
- Continuity of Vaccination Across the Life Course: Poland in Comparison with Selected EU/EEA Countries and the United Kingdom.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Senescent Cell Derived Artificial Vesicle-Based Senolytic Sonovaccine Platform with Augmented Lymph Node Delivery and Antigen Cross-Presentation Efficacy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Review
- Vaccination Protocols in Canine Shelters in Northern Italy: A Survey of Current Practices.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Smart nanoparticle vaccines integrate nanotechnology artificial intelligence and immunoengineering for precision immunization.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Plant-Based Oral Vaccines: Molecular Biotechnology Approaches Toward Functional Food-Based Immunization.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Review
- Fluorinated carbohydrate-based vaccines.Chemical science · 2026Review
- Beyond the clinic gate: barriers to childhood immunization access and strategies for improvement at a rural Zimbabwean clinic.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Review
- Psychosocial and Social Security Risks Linked to Vaccine Misinformation in Romania: Implications for Vaccination Acceptance and Public Policy.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- From knowledge to trust and from trust to advocacy in vaccine communication: a three-step approach for public health sustainability.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- The Role of Humor in Inoculation Theory.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Effectiveness and immunogenicity of a nanoemulsion protein subunit vaccine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: investigation in diet-induced obese mice.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- From tiers to truth - a biomarker-based framework for clinically relevant immunogenicity assessment.Bioanalysis · 2026Article
- Investigating Parental Perception and Intentions Toward COVID-19 Vaccination for Children in Ras Al Khaimah.Health science reports · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: Trust in Local Clinics Predict Perceptions of Vaccine Safety and Vaccination Status.Community health equity research & policy · 2026Article
- Prevention as a Pillar of Communicable Disease Control: Strategies for Equity, Surveillance, and One Health Integration.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Over the past two centuries, vaccines have been critical for the prevention of infectious diseases and are considered milestones in the medical and public health history. The World Health Organization estimates that vaccination currently prevents approximately 3.5-5 million deaths annually, attributed to diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, influenza, and measles. Vaccination has been instrumental in eradicating important pathogens, including the smallpox virus and wild poliovirus types 2 and 3. This narrative review offers a detailed journey through the history and advancements in vaccinology, tailored for healthcare workers. It traces pivotal milestones, beginning with the variolation practices in the early 17th century, the development of the first smallpox vaccine, and the continuous evolution and innovation in vaccine development up to the present day. We also briefly review immunological principles underlying vaccination, as well as the main vaccine types, with a special mention of the recently introduced mRNA vaccine technology. Additionally, we discuss the broad benefits of vaccines, including their role in reducing morbidity and mortality, and in fostering socioeconomic development in communities. Finally, we address the issue of vaccine hesitancy and discuss effective strategies to promote vaccine acceptance. Research, collaboration, and the widespread acceptance and use of vaccines are imperative for the continued success of vaccination programs in controlling and ultimately eradicating infectious diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.