ReviewMolecular brain2024
The brain cytokine orchestra in multiple sclerosis: from neuroinflammation to synaptopathology.
Review in Molecular brain, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- The potential and therapeutic advances of the integrin family in neurological disorders.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- β-Adrenergic receptors as immunomodulators in T cells: mechanisms of neuroimmune crosstalk and pathophysiological implications.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Review
- Divergent Immunological and Neurotrophic Responses to CD20 Depletion in Relapsing and Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Association between cognitive dysfunction and upper extremity performance in multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Investigations of remibrutinib in models pertinent to multiple sclerosis.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Is Associated With a Dysbiotic Oral Microbiome.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Microglia Mitochondrial Metabolism in Neurological Diseases.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- IFNγ-associated immune-metabolic remodeling is linked to serotonin-kynurenine imbalance and cortical vulnerability in lupus-prone mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- From Demyelination to Intervention: Natural Compounds as Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Multiple Sclerosis Neuroinflammation.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Neuroprotective Pathway Modulation by a NovelInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Real-world effectiveness and safety of ofatumumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Insights from naïve and switch patients.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Article
- From Molecules to Models: miRNAs and Advanced Human Platforms of Neurodegeneration and Repair in Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Crocin as a multimodal therapy for multiple sclerosis: Recent breakthroughs in immunomodulation and neuroprotection.Current journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Breaking the Barrier: The Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines in BBB Dysfunction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Central TYK2 inhibition identifies TYK2 as a key neuroimmune modulator.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Neuroinflammation causes mitral cell dysfunction and olfactory impairment in a multiple sclerosis model.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Review
- Targeting Cytokine-Mediated Inflammation in Brain Disorders: Developing New Treatment Strategies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Harnessing monocyte dynamics for treatment of multiple sclerosis; insights from experimental model studies.Immunotherapy advances · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is finely protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Immune soluble factors such as cytokines (CKs) are normally produced in the CNS, contributing to physiological immunosurveillance and homeostatic synaptic scaling. CKs are peptide, pleiotropic molecules involved in a broad range of cellular functions, with a pivotal role in resolving the inflammation and promoting tissue healing. However, pro-inflammatory CKs can exert a detrimental effect in pathological conditions, spreading the damage. In the inflamed CNS, CKs recruit immune cells, stimulate the local production of other inflammatory mediators, and promote synaptic dysfunction. Our understanding of neuroinflammation in humans owes much to the study of multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common autoimmune and demyelinating disease, in which autoreactive T cells migrate from the periphery to the CNS after the encounter with a still unknown antigen. CNS-infiltrating T cells produce pro-inflammatory CKs that aggravate local demyelination and neurodegeneration. This review aims to recapitulate the state of the art about CKs role in the healthy and inflamed CNS, with focus on recent advances bridging the study of adaptive immune system and neurophysiology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.