Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38263020›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2024

How multiple air pollutants affect hand, foot, and mouth disease incidence in children: assessing effect modification by geographical context in multicity of Sichuan, southwest China.

Caiying Luo, Yue Ma, Kai Lu, Ying Li, Yaqiong Liu, Tao Zhang, Fei Yin, Tiejun Shui

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Caiying Luo *West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Yue Ma *West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Kai LuWest China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Ying LiYunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China.
Yaqiong LiuSichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China.
Tao ZhangWest China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Fei YinWest China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. yinfeiscuedu@163.com.
Tiejun ShuiYunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China. shuitiejunynjkedu@163.com.
Sichuan University · CNYunnan Center for Disease Control And Prevention · CNSichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention · CNWest China Hospital of Sichuan University · CN

Funding

Chongqing Science and Technology Program cstc2020jscx-cylhX0003; URL: http://kjj.cq.gov.cn/National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 81803332National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 81872713Sichuan Science and Technology Program No. 2021YFS0181
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSeveral studies have suggested a significant association of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) with ambient air pollutants. Existing studies have characterized the role of air pollutants on HFMD using only risk ratio measures while ignoring the attributable burden. And whether the geographical context (i.e., diverse topographic features) could modulate the relationships is unclear.

methodsDaily reported childhood HFMD counts, ambient air pollution, and meteorological data during 2015-2017 were collected for each of 21 cities in Sichuan Province. A multistage analysis was carried out in different populations based on geographical context to assess effect modification by topographic conditions. We first constructed a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) for each city to describe the relationships with risk ratio measures. Then, we applied a multivariate meta-regression to estimate the pooled effects of multiple air pollutants on HFMD from the exposure and lagged dimensions. Finally, attributable risks measures were calculated to quantify HFMD burden by air pollution.

resultsBased on 207554 HFMD cases in Sichuan Province, significant associations of HFMD with ambient air pollutants were observed mainly at relatively high exposure ranges. The effects of ambient air pollutants on HFMD are most pronounced on lag0 or around lag7, with relative risks gradually approaching the reference line thereafter. The attributable risks of O

conclusionsThis study revealed significant pooled relationships between multiple air pollutants and HFMD incidence from both exposure and lag dimensions. However, the specific effects, including RRs and ARs, differ depending on the air pollution variable and geographical context. These findings provide local authorities with more evidence to determine key air pollutants and regions for devising and implementing targeted interventions.

Indexed as

Air PollutantsEnvironmental PollutantsHand, Foot and Mouth DiseaseChildChinaHumansIncidenceMorbidityAir PollutantsEnvironmental PollutantsAir pollutionAttributable riskFoot and mouth diseaseHandModification effectMulticity analysis

Identifiers

PMID38263020
PMCPMC10804470
OpenAlexW4391142975

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.