ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2024
Associations between sex, body mass index and the individual microglial response in Alzheimer's disease.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Spatiotemporal heterogeneity and dynamic evolution of microglial glucose metabolic reprogramming in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Does sex moderate health and Alzheimer's disease risk tied to early educational experiences? The reducing inequities through social and educational change follow-up in early adulthood extension study protocol.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Tracking of Neuroinflammation Dynamics During Combined Anti-β-Amyloid Therapy (AAT) and Immunomodulation in a Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Comparing and combining TSPO-PET tracers in tauopathies.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- Sex differences in the relationship of biomarker change to memory decline in early Alzheimer's disease: an observational cohort study.Biology of sex differences · 2026Observational
- Defining patient-centered amyloid PET thresholds for the onset of tauopathy in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Microglial interferon signaling and Aβ plaque pathology are enhanced in female 5xFAD Alzheimer's disease mice, independent of estrous cycle stage.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Imaging brain inflammation and blood brain barrier permeability in neurological and psychiatric diseases: a review.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Sex Differences in the Relationship of Biomarker Change to Memory Decline in Early Alzheimer's Disease: an Observational Cohort Study.Research square · 2025Article
- Comparison ofEuropean journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2025Article
- Gender Differences in the Effects of Exercise Interventions on Alzheimer's Disease.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Obesity and Alzheimer's disease dementia: Examining inflammatory links to cognitive decline and neuropsychiatric symptoms.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Review
- Post-mortem validation of in vivo TSPO PET as a microglial biomarker.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Sex- and region-dependent neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Evaluation of machine learning models for the prediction of Alzheimer's: In search of the best performance.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Female sex is linked to a stronger association between sTREM2 and CSF p-tau in Alzheimer's disease.EMBO molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Association between overweight and central interleukin-6 in a nonclinical adult population.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2024Article
- Sex and Gender Differences in Alzheimer's Disease: Genetic, Hormonal, and Inflammation Impacts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Western diet increases brain metabolism and adaptive immune responses in a mouse model of amyloidosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
33 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectives18-kDa translocator protein position-emission-tomography (TSPO-PET) imaging emerged for in vivo assessment of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. Sex and obesity effects on TSPO-PET binding have been reported for cognitively normal humans (CN), but such effects have not yet been systematically evaluated in patients with AD. Thus, we aimed to investigate the impact of sex and obesity on the relationship between β-amyloid-accumulation and microglial activation in AD.
methods49 patients with AD (29 females, all Aβ-positive) and 15 Aβ-negative CN (8 female) underwent TSPO-PET ([
resultsIn AD, females showed higher mean cortical TSPO-PET z-scores (0.91 ± 0.49; males 0.30 ± 0.75; p = 0.002), while Aβ-PET z-scores were similar. The Aβ-plaque-independent microglial response was stronger in females with AD (+ 0.37 ± 0.38; males with AD - 0.33 ± 0.87; p = 0.006), pronounced at the prodromal stage. On the contrary, the Aβ-plaque-dependent microglial response was not different between sexes. The Aβ-plaque-independent microglial response was significantly associated with tau-PET in females (Braak-II regions: r = 0.757, p = 0.003), but not in males. BMI and the Aβ-plaque-independent microglial response were significantly associated in females (r = 0.44, p = 0.018) but not in males (BMI*sex interaction: F
conclusionWhile microglia response to fibrillar Aβ is similar between sexes, women with AD show a stronger Aβ-plaque-independent microglia response. This sex difference in Aβ-independent microglial activation may be associated with tau accumulation. BMI is positively associated with the Aβ-plaque-independent microglia response in females with AD but not in males, indicating that sex and obesity need to be considered when studying neuroinflammation in AD.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.