ArticleHeliyon2024
Betulinic acid arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase by up-regulating metallothionein 1G inhibiting proliferation of colon cancer cells.
Article in Heliyon, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- MT1G promotes the progression of ccRCC by suppressing ferroptosis through activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- The power of phytochemicals in cancer chemoprevention through multi-target modulation of oncogenic signaling pathways.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Betulinic Acid Ameliorates T-2 Toxin-Induced Neuroinflammation by Suppressing Oxidative Stress via Regulating Nrf2/NLRP3 Axis.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Betulin-Amino Acid Molecular Hybrids: Synthesis, Structure and Pharmacological Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- AURKA modulates tight junction functionality to influence the proliferation and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- Colorectal Cancer: Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy.MedComm · 2025Review
- Clinical application prospects of traditional Chinese medicine as adjuvant therapy for metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- MT1G promotes iron autophagy and inhibits the function of gastric cancer cell lines by intervening in GPX4/SQSTM1.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Phytocompounds and Nanoformulations for Anticancer Therapy: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Cytotoxic activity ofContemporary oncology (Poznan, Poland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA) is a pentacyclic triterpene found in many plant species and has a broad-spectrum anti-tumor effect in various cancers, including colon cancer (CRC). However, its anticancer mechanism in CRC is no clear. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis showed BA up-regulated 378 genes and down-regulated 137 genes in HT29 cells, while 2303 up-regulated and 1041 down-regulated genes were found in SW480 cells. KEGG enrichment analysis showed BA significantly stimulated the expression of metallothionein 1 (MT1) family genes in both HT29 and SW480 cells. Metallothionein 1G (MT1G) was the gene with the highest upregulation of MT1 family genes induced by BA dose-dependently. High MT1G expression enhanced the sensitivity of CRC cells to BA, whereas, MT1G knockdown had the opposite effect in vitro and in vivo. GSEA and GSCA showed genes affected by BA treatment were involved in cell cycle and G2/M checkpoint in CRC. Flow cytometry further exhibited BA reduced the percentage of G0/G1 cells and increased the percentage of G2/M cells in a dose-dependent manner, which could be rescued by MT1G knockdown. Moreover, MT1G also counteracted the BA-induced changes in cell cycle-related proteins (CDK2 and CDK4) and p-Rb. In summary, we have revealed a new anti-tumor mechanism that BA altered the cell cycle progression of CRC cells by upregulating MT1G gene, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of CRC cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.