Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38261650›Full record

ArticleBioinformatics (Oxford, England)2024

BCFtools/liftover: an accurate and comprehensive tool to convert genetic variants across genome assemblies.

Giulio Genovese, Nicole B Rockweiler, Bryan R Gorman, Tim B Bigdeli, Michelle T Pato, Carlos N Pato, Kiku Ichihara, Steven A McCarroll

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
84citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

84 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  11. Genetic interconnections between personality-related phenotypes and psychiatric disorders.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026
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24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Giulio GenoveseProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-3066-5575
Nicole B RockweilerProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-5249-5357
Bryan R GormanCenter for Data and Computational Sciences, VA Boston HealthCare System, Boston, MA 02130, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-4239-4672
Tim B BigdeliDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-2215-5946
Michelle T PatoDepartment of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States.
Carlos N PatoDepartment of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-5858-266X
Kiku IchiharaStanley Center, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States.ORCID 0009-0000-5860-0488
Steven A McCarrollProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-6954-8184

Funding

African Ancestry Genomic Psychiatry CohortR01MH104964 · NIMH · SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER · PI BIGDELI, TIM BERNARD, FANOUS, AYMAN H · 2015 to 2024
$16.7M
Structurally complex genome loci in human populations and human phenotypesR01HG006855 · NHGRI · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI Steven Andrew McCarroll · 2012 to 2026
$8.2M
Latino Ancestry Genomic Psychiatry CohortR01MH123451 · NIMH · SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER · PI BIGDELI, TIM BERNARD, FANOUS, AYMAN H · 2020 to 2025
$7.1M
NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG006855NIH HHS R01HG006855NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH104964NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH123451
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

motivationMany genetics studies report results tied to genomic coordinates of a legacy genome assembly. However, as assemblies are updated and improved, researchers are faced with either realigning raw sequence data using the updated coordinate system or converting legacy datasets to the updated coordinate system to be able to combine results with newer datasets. Currently available tools to perform the conversion of genetic variants have numerous shortcomings, including poor support for indels and multi-allelic variants, that lead to a higher rate of variants being dropped or incorrectly converted. As a result, many researchers continue to work with and publish using legacy genomic coordinates.

resultsHere we present BCFtools/liftover, a tool to convert genomic coordinates across genome assemblies for variants encoded in the variant call format with improved support for indels represented by different reference alleles across genome assemblies and full support for multi-allelic variants. It further supports variant annotation fields updates whenever the reference allele changes across genome assemblies. The tool has the lowest rate of variants being dropped with an order of magnitude less indels dropped or incorrectly converted and is an order of magnitude faster than other tools typically used for the same task. It is particularly suited for converting variant callsets from large cohorts to novel telomere-to-telomere assemblies as well as summary statistics from genome-wide association studies tied to legacy genome assemblies. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The tool is written in C and freely available under the MIT open source license as a BCFtools plugin available at http://github.com/freeseek/score.

Indexed as

Genome-Wide Association StudySoftwareAllelesGenomicsINDEL Mutation

Identifiers

PMID38261650
PMCPMC10832354

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.