ArticleCell reports2024
Retroelement decay by the exonuclease XRN1 is a viral mimicry dependency in cancer.
Article in Cell reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Viral mimicry escape as a necessary feature of malignant transformation.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- A key role for the exoribonuclease XRN1 in regulating the hepatitis B viral transcriptome.iScience · 2026Article
- mNature communications · 2026Article
- RNA-binding proteins and ribonucleoproteins as determinants of immunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- A spring-loaded grip-and-pull mechanism for stepwise RNA duplex unwinding by Xrn1.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Genome instability and crosstalk with the immune response.Genome medicine · 2025Review
- Spliceosome inhibition induces Z-RNA and ZBP1-driven cell death in small cell lung cancer.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Inflammatory mitochondrial signalling and viral mimicry in cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Perturbing LSD1 and WNT rewires transcription to synergistically induce AML differentiation.Nature · 2025Article
- Characterization of exoribonuclease XRN1 as a cancer target and identification of adenosine-3',5'-bisphosphate as a potent enzyme inhibitor.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Identification and clinical implications of endogenous retrovirus elements suppressed by SETDB1 in hepatocellular carcinoma.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2025Article
- Viral mimicry evasion: a new role for oncogenic KRAS mutations.Molecular oncology · 2025Article
- Unleashing viral mimicry: A combinatorial strategy to enhance the efficacy of PARP7 inhibitors.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2025Review
- ADAR1: from basic mechanisms to inhibitors.Trends in cell biology · 2025Review
- GGNBP2 regulates MDA5 sensing triggered by self double-stranded RNA following loss of ADAR1 editing.Science immunology · 2024Article
- Suppression of double-stranded RNA sensing in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Biochemical Society transactions · 2024Review
- Review
- The competitive landscape of the dsRNA world.Molecular cell · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Viral mimicry describes the immune response induced by endogenous stimuli such as double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from endogenous retroelements. Activation of viral mimicry has the potential to kill cancer cells or augment anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we systematically identify mechanisms of viral mimicry adaptation associated with cancer cell dependencies. Among the top hits is the RNA decay protein XRN1 as an essential gene for the survival of a subset of cancer cell lines. XRN1 dependency is mediated by mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein and protein kinase R activation and is associated with higher levels of cytosolic dsRNA, higher levels of a subset of Alus capable of forming dsRNA, and higher interferon-stimulated gene expression, indicating that cells die due to induction of viral mimicry. Furthermore, dsRNA-inducing drugs such as 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and palbociclib can generate a synthetic dependency on XRN1 in cells initially resistant to XRN1 knockout. These results indicate that XRN1 is a promising target for future cancer therapeutics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.