ArticleCancer immunology research2024
Reprogramming the Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Immune Microenvironment by Chemotherapy and CTLA-4 Blockade Enhances Anti-PD-1 Therapy.
Article in Cancer immunology research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- ATP7A-mediated copper ion efflux reprogrammes tumour immunity and promotes cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Role of the stromal and immune microenvironment in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Review
- Review
- Safety and efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with albumin-bound paclitaxel and fluorouracil-based agents as second-line therapy in biliary tract cancers.World journal of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- A case of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma with peritoneal dissemination that achieved a pathological complete response using immune checkpoint inhibitors: A case report.International cancer conference journal · 2026Article
- Cancer and aging: complex associations and therapeutic targets.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Tertiary lymphoid structure topotypes in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: spatial immunity, checkpoint-response associations, and therapeutic reprogramming.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Stratifying cholangiocarcinoma: tumor microenvironment, molecular drivers, and novel immunotherapeutic approaches.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2026Review
- Surgery vs. non-surgery for advanced cholangiocarcinoma post-conversion therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus TKIs.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Inhibiting B cells enhances the efficacy of STING agonism or immune checkpoint blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The role of cisplatin in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment and its combination therapy strategies: a new approach to enhance anti-tumor efficacy.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Research progress on immune checkpoint inhibitors in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Single-cell multi-omics in biliary tract cancers: decoding heterogeneity, microenvironment, and treatment strategies.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Mitochondria-targeting polymer cLipG/CuET activates the cGAS/STING pathway to enhance cholangiocarcinoma immunotherapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Article
- Identification of biomarkers associated with exhausted CD8 + T cells in the tumor microenvironment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on Mendelian randomization and bioinformatics analysis.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Ligustilide Inhibits the PI3K/AKT Signalling Pathway and Suppresses Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion.Recent patents on anti-cancer drug discovery · 2025Article
- Advancing biliary tract malignancy treatment: emerging frontiers in cell-based therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Chemokines: humble yet mighty players in the tumour microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- New dimensions of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor combination therapy in cancer treatment: current advances and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
25 authors at 12 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) has limited therapeutic options and a dismal prognosis. Adding blockade of the anti-programmed cell death protein (PD)-1 pathway to gemcitabine/cisplatin chemotherapy has recently shown efficacy in biliary tract cancers but with low response rates. Here, we studied the effects of anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4 when combined with anti-PD-1 and gemcitabine/cisplatin in orthotopic murine models of ICC. This combination therapy led to substantial survival benefits and reduction of morbidity in two aggressive ICC models that were resistant to immunotherapy alone. Gemcitabine/cisplatin treatment increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and normalized the ICC vessels and, when combined with dual CTLA-4/PD-1 blockade, increased the number of activated CD8+Cxcr3+IFNγ+ T cells. CD8+ T cells were necessary for the therapeutic benefit because the efficacy was compromised when CD8+ T cells were depleted. Expression of Cxcr3 on CD8+ T cells is necessary and sufficient because CD8+ T cells from Cxcr3+/+ but not Cxcr3-/- mice rescued efficacy in T cell‒deficient mice. Finally, rational scheduling of anti-CTLA-4 "priming" with chemotherapy followed by anti-PD-1 therapy achieved equivalent efficacy with reduced overall drug exposure. These data suggest that this combination approach should be clinically tested to overcome resistance to current therapies in ICC patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.