ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2023
Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging approaches to Graves' ophthalmopathy: a narrative review.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Pilot MRI Study of Upward Gaze-Induced Intraocular Pressure Elevation in Thyroid Eye Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Multiparametric MRI quantitative metrics for grading and staging graves' ophthalmopathy.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Development and evaluation of AI model with deep learning for segmentation of extraocular muscles in thyroid eye disease.PloS one · 2026Article
- Retinal Microvascular and Orbital Structural Alterations in Thyroid Eye Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Deep learning methods for diagnosis of graves' ophthalmopathy using magnetic resonance imaging.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2024Article
- Thyroid orbitopathy.Radiologia brasileiraArticle
- The utility of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and surgical planning of thyroid eye disease and dysthyroid optic neuropathy.Taiwan journal of ophthalmologyReview
- Morphometric analysis of extraocular muscles and proptosis by computed tomography in Graves' orbitopathy.Radiologia brasileiraArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) affects up to 50% of patients with Graves' disease (GD) ranging from mild ocular irritation to vision loss. The initial diagnosis is based on clinical findings and laboratory tests. Orbital imaging, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), is an important tool to assess orbital changes, being also useful for understanding disease progression and surgical planning. In this narrative review, we included 92 studies published from 1979 to 2020 that used either MRI and/or CT to diagnose and investigate GO, proposing new methods and techniques. Most of the methods used still need to be corroborated and validated, and, despite the different methods and approaches for thyroid eye disease (TED) evaluation, there is still a lack of standardization of measurements and outcome reports; therefore, additional studies should be performed to include these methods in clinical practice, facilitating the diagnosis and approach for the treatment of TED.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.