Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38259445›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023

Case report: Approaches to treatment-refractory and super-refractory glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody-spectrum disorders.

Ravi Rajmohan, Shivali Baveja, Dai Nguyen, Eshita Shah, Michael Sy, Sanaz Attaripour, David Swope

Open access · goldAbstract readCase Reports
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 31% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pediatric stiff-person syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
    Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Ravi RajmohanDepartment of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
Shivali BavejaSchool of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
Dai NguyenDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.
Eshita ShahDepartment of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
Michael SyDepartment of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
Sanaz AttaripourDepartment of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
David SwopeDepartment of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
University of California, Irvine · USUniversity of California, Davis · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody-spectrum disorders (GAD-SDs) include a group of autoimmune neurological diseases associated with neuronal excitability, most noticeably stiff person syndrome. Immune modulators are the mainstay of treatment, but a significant number of patients remain refractory. Methods: We present our single-center experience of eight cases of GAD-SD, two of which were refractory to immune modulatory treatments. Results: Of the two cases that were refractory to immunomodulation, one showed significant improvement with bilateral globus pallidus interna deep brain stimulation (GPi DBS) placement, and the other showed significant improvement with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (aHSCT). Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first instance of GPi DBS placement being noted to improve GAD-SD movements.

Indexed as

Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous SystemGlutamate DecarboxylaseAntibodiesHumansImmunomodulationAntibodiesGlutamate Decarboxylasedeep brain stimulationGAD-65rituximabstem cellsstiff person syndrome

Identifiers

PMID38259445
PMCPMC10800536
OpenAlexW4390665294

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.