ArticleJournal of occupational health2024
Beyond working hours: the association between long working hours, the use of work-related communication devices outside regular working hours, and anxiety symptoms.
Article in Journal of occupational health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- The relationship between using communication media in non-working hours and job burnout in Jeddah.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- After-hours work-related technology use, work-to-family interference, and exhaustion among Korean wage workers: gender patterns in associations and covariate-standardized levels.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Work-related instant messaging and calling stress (WRIMCS) among physicians: a novel occupational health risk?Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England) · 2025Article
- Overwork and changes in brain structure: a pilot study.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2025Article
- Shift work and dietary behaviors among Korean workers.Journal of occupational health · 2025Article
- Exploring the Impact of After-Hours Work Connectivity on Employee Performance: Insights from a Job Crafting Perspective.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Cross-sectional analysis of the association between information and communication technology and mental health among Korean workers.PloS one · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe present study aimed to identify and compare the associations between long working hours and use of work-related communication devices outside regular working hours and anxiety symptoms, thereby providing insight into redefining working hours.
methodsBased on the cross-sectional data from the sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS), specifically the responses from 46 055 workers, the use of work-related communication devices outside of regular working hours, long working hours, and anxiety symptoms were assessed. To investigate the associations between using work-related communication devices outside regular working hours or long working hours with anxiety symptoms, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated using multiple logistic regression models.
resultsAmong 46 055 participants, 25 659 (55.7%) used work-related communication devices outside working hours, 8145 (17.7%) worked long hours, and 2664 (5.8%) experienced anxiety symptoms. Compared with the reference group, those who used work-related communication devices outside regular working hours without working long hours, had higher OR of anxiety symptoms (OR: 2.18; 95% CI, 1.97-2.41) than those who worked long hours without using work-related communication devices during off-hours (OR: 1.32; 95% CI, 1.09-1.59). Furthermore, the group that both worked long hours and used work-related communication devices outside working hours exhibited the highest OR of anxiety symptoms (OR: 2.57; 95% CI, 2.24-2.97).
conclusionsUsing work-related communication devices outside regular working hours is associated with a higher risk of anxiety symptoms compared with long working hours. This result suggests that using work-related devices outside regular working hours, in addition to regular work time, should be considered when redefining working hours.
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