ReviewPharmaceutics2023
Nose-to-Brain (N2B) Delivery: An Alternative Route for the Delivery of Biologics in the Management and Treatment of Central Nervous System Disorders.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Design and Evaluation of Nasal Drug Delivery for Central Nervous System Disease from Experimental to Clinical Application.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Peptide-Based Delivery Systems: Selected Insights into Cell-Penetrating Peptides.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2026Review
- Glycerol-mediated nose-to-brain codelivery of anti-IL-17 and anti-CD73 antibodies enhances immunotherapy for melanoma brain metastases.Science advances · 2026Article
- Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery: A Real Path toward Effective CNS Therapy?ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2026Review
- Intranasal Drug Delivery in Neuropharmacology: Advances in Brain-Targeted Therapies and Bioethical Challenges.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Indocyanine Green as a Marker for Nose-to-Brain Delivery Pathways, Brain Distribution, and PLGA Nanoparticle Efficiency.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Intranasal Drug Delivery: Exploiting Nasal Anatomy for Enhanced Therapeutic Outcomes.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Advances in Nose-to-Brain Delivery Systems for Effective Alzheimer's Disease Management.Current Alzheimer research · 2026Review
- Calcium Nanoliposome Improves Glycemic Control in a Mouse Diabetes Mellitus Model.Pharmaceutical nanotechnology · 2026Article
- Development,Drug delivery · 2025Article
- Nanoparticle-Mediated Nose-to-Brain Delivery for Ischemic Stroke Therapy: Preclinical Insights.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- A Single-Molecule Pleuripotent Scaffold for Combinational Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease via Intranasal Administration.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Thermal Cycling Stimulation via Nasal Inhalation Attenuates AβInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Polymeric Nanocarrier-Based Drug Formulations for Enhancing Nose-to-Brain Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in Nose-to-Brain Gene Delivery for Central Nervous System Disorders.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Crossing Barriers: Advancements in Macromolecular Therapeutics for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Strategies to Overcome the Blood-Brain Barrier.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Review
- Rational development of fingolimod nano-embedded microparticles as nose-to-brain neuroprotective therapy for ischemic stroke.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
- In Vitro Evaluation of the Efficient Passage of PLGA-Formulated Trastuzumab for Nose-to-Brain Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Enhancing Galantamine Distribution in Rat Brain Using Microplasma-Assisted Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Nasal Delivery of Phytochemicals Using Nanocarriers: Therapeutic Opportunities and Translational Challenges.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In recent years, there have been a growing number of small and large molecules that could be used to treat diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Nose-to-brain delivery can be a potential option for the direct transport of molecules from the nasal cavity to different brain areas. This review aims to provide a compilation of current approaches regarding drug delivery to the CNS via the nose, with a focus on biologics. The review also includes a discussion on the key benefits of nasal delivery as a promising alternative route for drug administration and the involved pathways or mechanisms. This article reviews how the application of various auxiliary agents, such as permeation enhancers, mucolytics, in situ gelling/mucoadhesive agents, enzyme inhibitors, and polymeric and lipid-based systems, can promote the delivery of large molecules in the CNS. The article also includes a discussion on the current state of intranasal formulation development and summarizes the biologics currently in clinical trials. It was noted that significant progress has been made in this field, and these are currently being applied to successfully transport large molecules to the CNS via the nose. However, a deep mechanistic understanding of this route, along with the intimate knowledge of various excipients and their interactions with the drug and nasal physiology, is still necessary to bring us one step closer to developing effective formulations for nasal-brain drug delivery.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.