ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Reliability and Validity of Shore Hardness in Plantar Soft Tissue Biomechanics.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- DigiPalp: Quantifying palpation of tissue hardness and surface geometry with a smart sensor-equipped glove.Science advances · 2026Article
- Quantifying mechanical and morphological properties of plantar foot soft tissues: a systematic review of techniques, methods and their clinimetric properties.BMC biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Validation and reliability of mechanical stiffness assessment tools in multilayered polyurethane phantom models of healthy and diabetic plantar soft tissues.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Investigating the Reliability of Shore Hardness in the Design of Procedural Task Trainers.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Hardness changing tactile displays for simulating the feel of organic tissues.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2024Article
- Predicting the diabetic foot in the population of type 2 diabetes mellitus from tongue images and clinical information using multi-modal deep learning.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Shore hardness (SH) is a cost-effective and easy-to-use method to assess soft tissue biomechanics. Its use for the plantar soft tissue could enhance the clinical management of conditions such as diabetic foot complications, but its validity and reliability remain unclear. Twenty healthy adults were recruited for this study. Validity and reliability were assessed across six different plantar sites. The validity was assessed against shear wave (SW) elastography (the gold standard). SH was measured by two examiners to assess inter-rater reliability. Testing was repeated following a test/retest study design to assess intra-rater reliability. SH was significantly correlated with SW speed measured in the skin or in the microchamber layer of the first metatarsal head (MetHead), third MetHead and rearfoot. Intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots of limits of agreement indicated satisfactory levels of reliability for these sites. No significant correlation between SH and SW elastography was found for the hallux, 5th MetHead or midfoot. Reliability for these sites was also compromised. SH is a valid and reliable measurement for plantar soft tissue biomechanics in the first MetHead, the third MetHead and the rearfoot. Our results do not support the use of SH for the hallux, 5th MetHead or midfoot.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.