ArticleNutrients2024
Gender-Specific Bile Acid Profiles in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
Article in Nutrients, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacological Mechanisms of Bile Acids Targeting the Farnesoid X Receptor.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Microbiota-gut-brain axis and bile acids-driven neuromodulation.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Article
- Clinical Relevance of Bile Acid and Bile Acid-Related Therapy in Liver Cirrhosis: A Review.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Glycodeoxycholic acid inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma by driving M1 polarization of macrophages via the S1PR2-NF-κB-NLRP3 pathway.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Article
- Review
- The role of bile acid dynamics in inflammatory bowel disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2026Review
- The immunogenic cross-talk in pediatric MASLD: does subclinical immune dysfunction accelerate early hepatic destruction?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Characteristics of serum bile acid profiles among individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and the gut microbiome: pathogenic insights and therapeutic innovations.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Review
- Ruminococcus gnavus in the gut: driver, contributor, or innocent bystander in steatotic liver disease?The FEBS journal · 2025Review
- Xiaohua Funing decoction ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating the gut microbiota and bile acids.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Bile acid signaling in skeletal muscle homeostasis: from molecular mechanisms to clinical applications.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Targeted Plasma Bile Acid Metabolomic Analysis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis and Alcoholic Hepatitis.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Bile Acids as Emerging Players at the Intersection of Steatotic Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Diseases.Biomolecules · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing worldwide. A main cause is the obesogenic, so-called Western lifestyle. NAFLD follows a long, unperceived course, and ends potentially fatally. Early diagnosis of aggressive subtypes saves lives. So far, non-invasive means of detection are limited. A better understanding of the pathogenic interplay among insulin resistance, immune inflammation, microbiome, and genetic background is important. Metabolomics may give insight into these interlaced processes.
methodsIn this study, we measured bile acids (BA) in the plasma of adult NAFLD and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) patients and healthy controls with targeted mass spectrometry. We focused on gender-related bile acid production pathology in NAFLD and ALD.
resultsCompared to healthy controls, women with NAFLD had significantly higher concentrations of total BA, total primary BA, total cholic (CA), total chenodeoxycholic (CDCA), total glycine-conjugated, and total non-12-a-OH BA. Concerning subtypes, glycocholic (GCA) and glycochenodeoxycholic (GCDCA), BA were elevated in women with NAFLD. In contrast, men with NAFLD had no significantly altered total BA fractions. However, the subtypes GCA, glycodeoxycholic (GDCA), glycolithocholic (GLCA), lithocholic (LCA), taurolithocholic (TLCA), and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) were elevated, while CA was significantly decreased. In NAFLD, except ursodeoxycholic acid (UDC), all total BA correlated significantly positively in both sexes with the ELF score, while in ALD, only males showed significant correlations exceptive for total UDC BA. In NAFLD, total BA, total primary BA, total secondary BA, total free secondary BA, total CA, total CDCA, total taurine conjugated, total glycine conjugated, total 12-a-OH, and total non-12-a-OH were significantly higher in cases of a high enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) score above 9.8. In ALD, total UDC was additionally elevated. Between NAFLD with and without NASH, we found no significant differences.
conclusionOur data show gender-specific bile acid profiles in NAFLD and markedly different BA patterns in ALD. Women with NAFLD had more severe cholestasis. Men may better compensate fat storage-driven bile acid dynamics, indicated by higher levels of taurine-conjugated BA, which associate with beneficial metabolic functions.
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