Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38256155›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2024

The Role of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease.

Hannah Zhang, Naranjan S Dhalla

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 214 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
214citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
127.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

214 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 318 citations in OpenAlex.

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  5. StandardizedFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025
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  8. Unravelling the Therapeutic Potential of Cysteine for Cardiovascular Health.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
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154 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Hannah ZhangInstitute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
Naranjan S DhallaInstitute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
University of Manitoba · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With cardiovascular disease (CVD) being a primary source of global morbidity and mortality, it is crucial that we understand the molecular pathophysiological mechanisms at play. Recently, numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines have been linked to several different CVDs, which are now often considered an adversely pro-inflammatory state. These cytokines most notably include interleukin-6 (IL-6),tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, and the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family, amongst others. Not only does inflammation have intricate and complex interactions with pathophysiological processes such as oxidative stress and calcium mishandling, but it also plays a role in the balance between tissue repair and destruction. In this regard, pre-clinical and clinical evidence has clearly demonstrated the involvement and dynamic nature of pro-inflammatory cytokines in many heart conditions; however, the clinical utility of the findings so far remains unclear. Whether these cytokines can serve as markers or risk predictors of disease states or act as potential therapeutic targets, further extensive research is needed to fully understand the complex network of interactions that these molecules encompass in the context of heart disease. This review will highlight the significant advances in our understanding of the contributions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in CVDs, including ischemic heart disease (atherosclerosis, thrombosis, acute myocardial infarction, and ischemia-reperfusion injury), cardiac remodeling (hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, cardiac apoptosis, and heart failure), different cardiomyopathies as well as ventricular arrhythmias and atrial fibrillation. In addition, this article is focused on discussing the shortcomings in both pathological and therapeutic aspects of pro-inflammatory cytokines in CVD that still need to be addressed by future studies.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesHeart DiseasesHeart FailureCytokinesHumansInterleukin-1Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaCytokinesInterleukin-1Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphacardiac remodelingcardiomyopathycardiovascular diseasecytokinesheart failureinflammationischemic heart disease

Identifiers

PMID38256155
PMCPMC10817020
OpenAlexW4390960144

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.