ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Analysis of Cytokine and Chemokine Level in Tear Film in Keratoconus Patients before and after Corneal Cross-Linking (CXL) Treatment.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mendelian randomization and genetic analyses reveal causal roles of immune cells and inflammatory proteins in keratoconus.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of accelerated photoactivated chromophore for keratitis-CXL for early to mid-stage fungal keratitis: a prospective, multicenter randomized controlled trial.International ophthalmology · 2026Trial
- Update on the Physiopathology of Keratoconus.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Profile in Keratoconus as a Predictor of Five-Year Corneal Cross-Linking Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Observational
- Integration of tear fluid biomarkers and machine learning for the early detection of keratoconus.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Construction and characteristics of an adjustable biomechanical in vitro corneal stromal model simulating keratoconus pathological features.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Persistent Proinflammatory Cytokine Profile in the Tear Fluid of Stable Keratoconus: Rethinking Clinical Quiescence.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Retinal and choroidal changes following corneal collagen cross-linking in keratoconus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of OCT and OCTA studies.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2025Review
- Dry eye-related tear biomarkers MMP-2, MMP-13, and IFN-γ: potential predictors of Type III acute acquired concomitant esotropia.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Chronic intermittent hypoxia modulates corneal fibrotic markers and inflammatory cytokine expression in a sex-dependent manner.Experimental eye research · 2025Article
- Assessment of Serum Cytokine Levels in Keratoconus Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Omics in Keratoconus: From Molecular to Clinical Practice.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Mechanical Strain of Corneal Epithelium Influences the Expression of Genes Implicated in Keratoconus.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Keratoconus (KC) is a degenerative corneal disorder whose aetiology remains unknown. The aim of our study was to analyse the expressions of cytokines and chemokines in KC patients before and after specified time intervals after corneal cross-linking (CXL) treatment to better understand the molecular mechanisms occurring before and after CXL in KC patients process of corneal regeneration.; Tear samples were gathered from 52 participants immediately after the CXL procedure and during the 12-month follow-up period. All patients underwent a detailed ophthalmological examination and tear samples were collected before and after CXL at regular intervals: 1 day before and after the surgery, at the day 7 visit, and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after CXL. The control group consisted of 20 healthy people. 10 patients were women (50%) and 10 were men (50%). The mean age was 30 ± 3 years of age. Tear analysis was performed using the Bio-Plex 3D Suspension Array System. Corneal topography parameters measured by Scheimpflug Camera included: keratometry values (Ks, Kf), PI-Apex, PI-Thinnest, Cylinder.; All the 12 months post-op values of the KC patients' topographic measurements were significantly lower than the pre-op. As for the tear cytokine levels comparison between the patient and control groups, cytokine levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and CXCL-10, among others, were detected in lower amounts in the KC group. The pre-op level of IL-6 exhibited a significant increase the day after CXL, whereas comparing the day after the procedure to 12 months after CXL, this showed a significant decrease. Both TNF-α and IL-1 showed a significant decrease compared to the day before and after CXL. We observed significantly higher levels of IL-1β, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α in moderate and severe keratoconus than in mild keratoconus (
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