ArticleBiomedicines2024
Targeting TLR Signaling Cascades in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Update.
Article in Biomedicines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Organ-based characterization of B cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Review
- Microglial TLR7 contributes to traumatic brain injury-induced neuroinflammation in mice.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Review
- Parabens exposure in systemic lupus erythematosus: insights from network toxicology and molecular docking.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- CD14Genes & diseases · 2026Article
- Metabolic and neuroimmune control of rheumatoid arthritis: therapeutic implications of FXR and α7-nAChR axes.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- DAMP signaling networks: from receptors to diverse pathophysiological functions.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- The degradation revolution: harnessing targeted protein degradation for the treatment of human diseases.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- Exosomal immune decoy integrates cfDNA scavenging and mTOR inhibition for synergistic lupus nephritis therapy.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus: pathogenic mechanisms, clinical biomarkers, and precision therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mechanistic Study of Yibi Decoction in Treating Rheumatoid ArthritisEndocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Article
- The microbiota-systemic lupus erythematosus axis: mechanisms, diagnostics, and therapeutic frontiers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles as immunomodulatory agents: targeting pathological crosstalk in systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 spike triggers TLR7-dependent endolysosome dysfunction and senescence in human astrocytes.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Discovery of Potent and Selective Quinoline-Based Toll-like Receptor 9 Antagonists.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2025Article
- Review
- Understanding Sex Differences in Autoimmune Diseases: Immunologic Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Involvement of nucleic acid-sensing toll-like receptors in human diseases and their controlling mechanisms.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
- Signaling pathways in systemic lupus erythematosus and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Evidence from animal models and human genetics implicates Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) in the pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Endosomal TLRs sensing nucleic acids were proposed to induce lupus-promoting signaling in dendritic cells, B cells, monocytes, and macrophages. Ligation of TLR4 in synovial macrophages and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) by endogenous ligands was suggested to induce local production of mediators that amplify RA synovitis. Inhibition of TLRs using antagonists or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that selectively prevent extracellular or endosomal TLR ligation has emerged as an attractive treatment strategy for SLE and RA. Despite the consistent success of selective inhibition of TLR ligation in animal models, DV-1179 (dual TLR7/9 antagonist) failed to achieve pharmacodynamic effectiveness in SLE, and NI-0101 (mAb against TLR4) failed to improve arthritis in RA. Synergistic cooperation between TLRs and functional redundancy in human diseases may require pharmacologic targeting of intracellular molecules that integrate signaling downstream of multiple TLRs. Small molecules inhibiting shared kinases involved in TLR signaling and peptidomimetics disrupting the assembly of common signalosomes ("Myddosome") are under development. Targeted degraders (proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs)) of intracellular molecules involved in TLR signaling are a new class of TLR inhibitors with promising preliminary data awaiting further clinical validation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.