ReviewCancers2024
The Emerging Role of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review.
Review in Cancers, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in breast cancer: Mechanistic insights, subtype-specific patterns, and therapeutic implications.World journal of surgical oncology · 2026Review
- AI-powered and manual assessment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in early HER2-positive breast cancer in NSABP B-41.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- TILseg: Automated Whole Slide-Level Spatial Scoring of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Reveals Prognostic Patterns in Triple Negative Breast Cancer.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Non-immune regulation of tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Spatial immune biomarkers in triple-negative breast cancer: emerging evidence, technology trade-offs, and barriers to clinical translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Tumor-specific CD8 T cell characterization in HRCell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Multimodal spatial proteomic profiling in acute myeloid leukemia.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Article
- Inhibiting CXCR4 reduces immunosuppressive effects of myeloid cells in breast cancer immunotherapy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Heterogeneity of tertiary lymphoid structures predicts the response to neoadjuvant therapy and immune microenvironment characteristics in triple-negative breast cancer.British journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Article
- The dual role of glucocorticoids in the breast cancer immune microenvironment: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- B cell immunity and therapeutic opportunities in brain metastases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This narrative review aims to clarify the role of tertiary lymphoid structures in breast cancer. We examine their development, composition, and prognostic value, and current ways of recognizing them. A comprehensive literature review was performed using the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and EMBASE databases. A significant area of interest in breast cancer research involves targeting immune checkpoint molecules, particularly in the triple-negative subtype, where treatment options remain limited. However, existing biomarkers have limitations in accurately predicting treatment response. In this context, tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) emerge as a prognostic biomarker and also as a promising predictive marker for response. TLSs are ectopic lymphoid formations or neo-organogenesis that can develop after prolonged exposure to inflammatory signals mediated by chemokines and cytokines. Their presence is inversely correlated with estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR) expression, but positively associated with a higher pathologic complete response rate and improved overall survival. In certain scenarios, TLS-positive tumors were associated with improved outcomes regardless of the presence of PDL-1 (programmed cell death ligand 1) expression or TILs (tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes).
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.