ArticleCancers2024
Comparative Study of the Immune Microenvironment in Heterotopic Tumor Models.
Article in Cancers, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- IDH3-dependent mitochondrial function in stromal fibroblasts suppresses malignant tumor growth.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Challenges in tracer development for tumor microenvironment (TME) imaging.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Review
- Pulsed photobiomodulation reprograms the tumor immune microenvironment to restore local T cell-mediated antitumor immunity.iScience · 2026Article
- CXCL14 Inhibits Colon Cancer Progression by Modulating Tumor Cell Invasion and Immune Microenvironment.Cells · 2026Article
- Pharmacologic targeting of the dopamine D2 receptor impacts the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- The "Cold Tumor" to "Hot Tumor" transformation strategy for triple-negative breast cancer: from mechanism to clinical translation.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Review
- Development of a computed tomography radiomics and CD38 integrated model: predicting immunotherapy response and investigating biological implications in non-small cell lung cancer.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- CAR-T triggers TAM reeducation and adaptive anti-tumor response via TREM2 deficiency or CD40 agonist.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Study of ß-catenin signaling pathway modulated by PTHrP in cell and animal colorectal cancer models.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- PTP Inhibition Improves the Macrophage Antitumor Immune Response and the Efficacy of Chemo- and Radiotherapy.Cancer immunology research · 2025Article
- Optimizing rWTC-MBTA Vaccine Formulations, Dosing Regimens, and Cryopreservation Techniques to Enhance Anti-Metastatic Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Bidirectional role of neutrophils in tumor development.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Review
- Biophysical and biochemical aspects of immune cell-tumor microenvironment interactions.APL bioengineering · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is pivotal in cancer progression and the response to immunotherapy. A "hot" tumor typically contains immune cells that promote anti-tumor immunity, predicting positive prognosis. "Cold" tumors lack immune cells, suggesting a poor outlook across various cancers. Recent research has focused on converting "cold" tumors into "hot" tumors to enhance the success of immunotherapy. A prerequisite for the studies of the TME is an accurate knowledge of the cell populations of the TME. This study aimed to describe the immune TME of lung and colorectal cancer and melanoma, focusing on lymphoid and myeloid cell populations. We induced heterotopic immunocompetent tumors in C57BL/6 mice, using KP and LLC (Lewis lung carcinoma) cells for lung cancer, MC38 cells for colorectal cancer, and B16-F10 cells for melanoma. Immune cell infiltration was analyzed using multicolor flow cytometry in single-cell suspensions after tumor excision. KP cell tumors showed an abundance of neutrophils and eosinophils; however, they contained much less adaptive immune cells, while LLC cell tumors predominated in monocytes, neutrophils, and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Monocytes and neutrophils, along with a significant T cell infiltration, were prevalent in MC38 tumors. Lastly, B16-F10 tumors were enriched in macrophages, while showing only moderate T cell presence. In conclusion, our data provide a detailed overview of the immune TME of various heterotopic tumors, highlighting the variabilities in the immune cell profiles of different tumor entities. Our data may be a helpful basis when investigating new immunotherapies, and thus, this report serves as a helpful tool for preclinical immunotherapy research design.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.