Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38254063›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2024

Adolescent alcohol and cannabis use and early adulthood educational attainment in the 1986 Northern Finland birth cohort study.

Jonna Levola, Anni-Emilia Alakokkare, Alexander Denissoff, Antti Mustonen, Jouko Miettunen, Solja Niemelä

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 3 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Jonna LevolaDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, F1-00014, Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Finland. jonna.levola@hus.fi.
Anni-Emilia AlakokkareResearch Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Alexander DenissoffAddiction Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, The wellbeing services county of Southwest Finland, Turku, Finland.
Antti MustonenResearch Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Jouko MiettunenResearch Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Solja NiemeläAddiction Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, The wellbeing services county of Southwest Finland, Turku, Finland.
Oulu University Hospital · FISeinäjoki University of Applied Sciences · FITurku University Hospital · FIUniversity of Helsinki · FIUniversity of Oulu · FIUniversity of Turku · FI

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHeavy alcohol and cannabis use during adolescence have been previously described as risk factors not only for morbidity in adulthood, but also social problems including adversities in educational attainment. Attempts to consider overlapping risk factors and confounders for these associations are needed.

methodsUsing weighted multivariable models, we examined prospective associations between age at first drink (AFD), age at first intoxication (AFI), frequency of alcohol intoxication, as well as self-reported alcohol tolerance (i.e., number of drinks needed for the subjective experience of intoxication), and lifetime cannabis use at age 15/16 years with subsequent educational attainment obtained from comprehensive registers until age 33 in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (6,564 individuals, 49.1% male). Confounding variables including sex, family structure (intact vs. non-intact), maternal and paternal education level, behavioural/emotional problems in school at age 7/8 years, having a history of illicit substance use in adolescence, having any psychiatric diagnosis before age 16, and parental psychiatric diagnoses, were adjusted for.

resultsIn this large birth cohort study with a 17-year follow-up, younger age at first intoxication, higher frequency of alcohol intoxication, and high self-reported alcohol tolerance at age 15/16 years were associated with poorer educational outcomes by the age of 33 years. These associations were evident regardless of potential confounders, including parental education and childhood behavioural/emotional problems. The association between adolescent cannabis use and educational attainment in adulthood was no longer statistically significant after adjusting for confounders including frequency of alcohol intoxication at age 15/16.

conclusionsAssessments of age of first alcohol intoxication, high self-reported alcohol tolerance and frequency of intoxication during adolescence should be included when implementing screening strategies aimed at identifying adolescents at risk for subsequent social problems.

Indexed as

Alcoholic IntoxicationCannabisAdolescentAdultChildCohort StudiesEducational StatusEthanolFemaleFinlandHumansMaleEthanolAdolescenceAlcoholBirth-cohort studyCannabisEducational attainmentIntoxication

Identifiers

PMID38254063
PMCPMC10804574
OpenAlexW4391111117

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.